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        <preface>
            <p>
                <docNumber>1-2/1970</docNumber>
                <docTitle>Convention between the Government of the Republic of Finland and the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland for the avoidance of double taxation and the prevention of fiscal evasion with respect to taxes on income and capital</docTitle>
            </p>
        </preface>
        <preamble>
            <p>
                <embeddedStructure class="mli-addition">
                    <tblock>
                        <heading>SYNTHESISED TEXT OF THE MLI AND THE CONVENTION BETWEEN THE GOVERNMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF FINLAND AND THE GOVERNMENT OF THE UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND FOR THE AVOIDANCE OF DOUBLE TAXATION AND THE PREVENTION OF FISCAL EVASION WITH RESPECT TO TAXES ON INCOME AND CAPITAL</heading>
                        <p>This document presents the synthesised text for the application of the Convention between the Government of the Republic of Finland and the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and the Prevention of Fiscal Evasion with Respect to Taxes on Income and Capital signed on 17 July 1969 and the Protocols signed on 17 May 1973, 16 November 1979, 1 October 1985, 26 September 1991 and 31 July 1996 (the “Convention”), as modified by the Multilateral Convention to Implement Tax Treaty Related Measures to Prevent Base Erosion and Profit Shifting signed by Republic of Finland and United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland on 7 June 2017 (the “MLI”).</p>
                        <p>This document was prepared in consultation with the competent authority of United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and presents the shared understanding of the modifications made to the Convention by the MLI.</p>
                        <p>The document was prepared on the basis of the MLI position of Republic of Finland
            submitted to the Depositary upon acceptance on 25 February 2019 and of the MLI position
            of United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland submitted to the Depositary upon
            ratification on 29 June 2018. These MLI positions are subject to modifications as
            provided in the MLI. Modifications made to MLI positions could modify the effects of the
            MLI on the Convention. The Republic of Finland modified its MLI position by withdrawing
            its reservation made to Article 9 and by making additional notifications (consolidated
            MLI position of the Republic of Finland on 27 June 2023). These modifications did not
            modify the effects of the MLI on the Convention.</p>
                        <p>The authentic legal texts of the Convention and the MLI take precedence and remain the legal texts applicable. Whereas the Convention as presented in this synthesised text incorporates changes contained in the Protocols (signed on 17 May 1973, 16 November 1979, 1 October 1985, 26 September 1991 and 31 July 1996) into the original 1969 Convention for readability, the 1969 Convention, and the Protocols (signed on 17 May 1973, 16 November 1979, 1 October 1985, 26 September 1991 and 31 July 1996) remain the legal texts applicable.</p>
                        <p>The provisions of the MLI that are applicable with respect to the provisions of the Convention are included in boxes throughout the text of this document in the context of the relevant provisions of the Convention. The boxes containing the provisions of the MLI have generally been inserted in accordance with the ordering of the provisions of the 2017 OECD Model Tax Convention.</p>
                        <p>Changes to the text of the provisions of the MLI have been made to conform the terminology used in the MLI to the terminology used in the Convention (such as “Covered Tax Agreement” and “Convention”, “Contracting Jurisdictions” and “Contracting States”), to ease the comprehension of the provisions of the MLI. The changes in terminology are intended to increase the readability of the document and are not intended to change the substance of the provisions of the MLI. Similarly, changes have been made to parts of provisions of the MLI that describe existing provisions of the Convention: descriptive language has been replaced by legal references of the existing provisions to ease the readability.</p>
                        <p>In all cases, references made to the provisions of the Convention or to the Convention must be understood as referring to the Convention as modified by the provisions of the MLI, provided such provisions of the MLI have taken effect.</p>
                        <p>
                            <b>Entry into Effect of the MLI Provisions</b>
                        </p>
                        <p>The provisions of the MLI applicable to this Convention do not take effect on the same dates as the original provisions of the Convention. Each of provisions of the MLI could take effect on different dates, depending on the types of taxes involved (taxes withheld at source or other taxes levied) and on the choices made by the Republic of Finland and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland in their MLI positions.</p>
                        <p>Dates of the deposit of instruments of ratification, acceptance or approval: 25 February 2019 for the Republic of Finland and 29 June 2018 for the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.</p>
                        <p>Entry into force of the MLI: 1 June 2019 for Republic of Finland and 1 October 2018 for the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.</p>
                        <p>This document provides specific information on the dates on or after which each of the provisions of the MLI has effect with respect to the Convention throughout this document.</p>
                        <p>
                            <b>References</b>
                        </p>
                        <p>The authentic legal texts of the MLI can be found on the MLI Depositary (OECD) webpage:</p>
                        <ul>
                            <li>
                                -  in English: 
                                <a href="http://www.oecd.org/tax/treaties/multilateral-convention-to-implement-tax-treaty-related-measures-to-prevent-BEPS.pdf">http://www.oecd.org/tax/treaties/multilateral-convention-to-implement-tax-treaty-related-measures-to-prevent-BEPS.pdf</a>
                                 and
                            </li>
                            <li>
                                - in French: 
                                <a href="http://www.oecd.org/fr/fiscalite/conventions/convention-multilaterale-pour-la-mise-en-oeuvre-des-mesures-relatives-aux-conventions-fiscales-pour-prevenir-le-BEPS.pdf">http://www.oecd.org/fr/fiscalite/conventions/convention-multilaterale-pour-la-mise-en-oeuvre-des-mesures-relatives-aux-conventions-fiscales-pour-prevenir-le-BEPS.pdf</a>
                            </li>
                        </ul>
                        <p>
                            The MLI position of Republic of Finland submitted to the Depositary upon
            acceptance on 25 February 2019, the consolidated MLI position of the Republic of Finland
            submitted to the Depositary on 27 June 2023 and the MLI position of the United Kingdom
            of Great Britain and Northern Ireland submitted to the Depositary upon ratification on
            29 June 2018 can be found on the MLI Depositary (OECD) webpage:
                            <a href="http://www.oecd.org/tax/treaties/beps-mli-signatories-and-parties.pdf">http://www.oecd.org/tax/treaties/beps-mli-signatories-and-parties.pdf</a>
                        </p>
                        <p>
                            The MLI Matching Database is publicly available on the OECD webpage: 
                            <a href="http://www.oecd.org/tax/treaties/mli-matching-database.htm">http://www.oecd.org/tax/treaties/mli-matching-database.htm</a>
                        </p>
                        <p>
                            The Act on Multilateral Convention to Implement Tax Treaty Related Measures to Prevent Base Erosion and Profit Shifting is published in Statute Book of Finland 231/2019. Link to Finnish language version 
                            <a href="https://www.finlex.fi/fi/laki/alkup/2019/20190231">https://www.finlex.fi/fi/laki/alkup/2019/20190231</a>
                             Link to Swedish language version 
                            <a href="https://www.finlex.fi/sv/laki/alkup/2019/20190231">https://www.finlex.fi/sv/laki/alkup/2019/20190231</a>
                        </p>
                        <p>
                            The Government´s Statute on the entry into force of the MLI and the Act and the Finnish text (translation) of the MLI is published in the Treaty Series of the Statute Book of Finland  SopS 21-22/2019. Links to Finnish language versions 
                            <a href="https://www.finlex.fi/fi/sopimukset/sopsteksti/2019/20190021">https://www.finlex.fi/fi/sopimukset/sopsteksti/2019/20190021</a>
                             and 
                            <a href="https://www.finlex.fi/fi/sopimukset/sopsteksti/2019/20190022">https://www.finlex.fi/fi/sopimukset/sopsteksti/2019/20190022</a>
                             Links to Swedish language versions 
                            <a href="https://finlex.fi/sv/sopimukset/sopimussarja/2019/fds20190021.pdf">https://finlex.fi/sv/sopimukset/sopimussarja/2019/fds20190021.pdf</a>
                             and 
                            <a href="https://finlex.fi/sv/sopimukset/sopimussarja/2019/fds20190022.pdf">https://finlex.fi/sv/sopimukset/sopimussarja/2019/fds20190022.pdf</a>
                        </p>
                        <p>
                            The Announcement of the Ministry of Finance on withdrawal of reservation made to
            Article 9 of the MLI and on additional notifications is published in the Treaty Series
            of the Statute Book of Finland SopS 48/2023. Link to Finnish language version
                            <a href="https://finlex.fi/fi/sopimukset/sopsteksti/2023/20230048/20230048_1">https://finlex.fi/fi/sopimukset/sopsteksti/2023/20230048/20230048_1</a>
                                        Link to Swedish language version
                            <a href="https://finlex.fi/sv/sopimukset/sopimussarja/2023/fds20230048.pdf">https://finlex.fi/sv/sopimukset/sopimussarja/2023/fds20230048.pdf</a>
                        </p>
                        <p>
                            The Announcement of the Ministry of Finance on the entry into force of the MLI in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is published in the Treaty Series of the Statue Book of Finland  SopS 47/2019. Link to Finnish language version 
                            <a href="https://www.finlex.fi/fi/sopimukset/sopsteksti/2019/20190047/20190047_1">https://www.finlex.fi/fi/sopimukset/sopsteksti/2019/20190047/20190047_1</a>
                             Link to Swedish language version 
                            <a href="https://finlex.fi/sv/sopimukset/sopimussarja/2019/fds20190047.pdf ">https://finlex.fi/sv/sopimukset/sopimussarja/2019/fds20190047.pdf </a>
                        </p>
                        <p>
                            Convention between the Government of the Republic of Finland and the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and the Prevention of Fiscal Evasion with Respect to Taxes on Income and Capital signed on 17 July 1969 is published in the Treaty Series of the Statue Book of Finland SopS 2/1970. Link to Finnish language version 
                            <a href="https://www.finlex.fi/fi/sopimukset/sopsteksti/1970/19700002">https://www.finlex.fi/fi/sopimukset/sopsteksti/1970/19700002</a>
                        </p>
                        <p>
                            Protocol between the Government of the Republic of Finland and the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland amending the Convention for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and the Prevention of Fiscal Evasion with Respect to Taxes on Income and Capital, signed at London on 17 July 1969 is published in the Treaty Series of the Statue Book of Finland SopS 31/1974. Link to Finnish language version 
                            <a href="https://www.finlex.fi/fi/sopimukset/sopsteksti/1974/19740031">https://www.finlex.fi/fi/sopimukset/sopsteksti/1974/19740031</a>
                        </p>
                        <p>
                            Protocol between the Government of the Republic of Finland and the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland amending the Convention for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and the Prevention of Fiscal Evasion with Respect to Taxes on Income and Capital, signed at London on 17 July 1969 as modified by the Protocol signed at London on 17 May 1973 is published in the Treaty Series of the Statue Book of Finland SopS 26/1981. Link to Finnish language version 
                            <a href="https://www.finlex.fi/fi/sopimukset/sopsteksti/1981/19810026">https://www.finlex.fi/fi/sopimukset/sopsteksti/1981/19810026</a>
                        </p>
                        <p>
                            Protocol between the Government of the Republic of Finland and the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland to amend the Convention for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and the Prevention of Fiscal Evasion with Respect to Taxes on Income and Capital, signed at London on 17 July 1969 as amended by the Protocols signed at London 17 May 1973 and 16 November 1979 is published in the Treaty Series of the Statue Book of Finland SopS 8/1987. Link to Finnish language version 
                            <a href="https://www.finlex.fi/fi/sopimukset/sopsteksti/1987/19870008">https://www.finlex.fi/fi/sopimukset/sopsteksti/1987/19870008</a>
                        </p>
                        <p>
                            Protocol between the Government of the Republic of Finland and the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland to Amend the Convention for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and the Prevention of Fiscal Evasion with Respect to Taxes on Income and Capital, signed at London on 17th July 1969 as Amended by the Protocols signed at London on 17th May 1973, 16th November 1979 and 1st October 1985 is published in the Treaty Series of the Statue Book of Finland SopS 2/1992. Link to Finnish language version version 
                            <a href="https://www.finlex.fi/fi/sopimukset/sopsteksti/1992/19920002">https://www.finlex.fi/fi/sopimukset/sopsteksti/1992/19920002</a>
                        </p>
                        <p>
                            Protocol between the Government of the Republic of Finland and the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland to Amend the Convention for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and the Prevention of Fiscal Evasion with Respect to Taxes on Income and Capital, signed at London on 17th July 1969 as Amended by the Protocols signed at London on 17th May 1973, 16th November 1979, 1st October 1985 and 26th September 1991 is published in the Treaty Series of the Statue Book of Finland SopS 63/1997. Link to Finnish language version 
                            <a href="https://www.finlex.fi/fi/sopimukset/sopsteksti/1997/19970063">https://www.finlex.fi/fi/sopimukset/sopsteksti/1997/19970063</a>
                        </p>
                    </tblock>
                </embeddedStructure>
            </p>
            <p class="title">Convention between the Government of the Republic of Finland and the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland for the avoidance of double taxation and the prevention of fiscal evasion with respect to taxes on income and capital</p>
            <p>The Government of the Republic of Finland and the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland;</p>
            <p>
                <embeddedStructure class="mli-replaced">
                    <p>
                        <authorialNote>
                            <p>[Replaced by paragraph 1 of Article 6 of the MLI]</p>
                        </authorialNote>
                    </p>
                    <p>[Desiring to conclude a new Convention for the avoidance of double taxation and the prevention of fiscal evasion with respect to taxes on income and capital;]</p>
                </embeddedStructure>
            </p>
            <p>
                <embeddedStructure class="mli-replacement">
                    <p>
                        <authorialNote>
                            <p>
                                The following paragraph 1 of Article 6 of the MLI replaces the text referring to an intent to eliminate double taxation in the preamble of this Convention:
                                <authorialNote marker="1" placement="bottom">
                                    <p>In accordance with paragraphs 1 and 3 of Article 35 of the MLI, paragraph 1 of Article 6 of the MLI has effect with respect to the application of this Convention by Republic of Finland:</p>
                                    <p>a) with respect to taxes withheld at source on amounts paid or credited to nonresidents, where the event giving rise to such taxes occurs on or after 1 January 2020; and</p>
                                    <p>b) with respect to all other taxes levied by Republic of Finland, for taxes levied with respect to taxable periods beginning on or after 1 January 2020;</p>
                                    <p>and,</p>
                                    <p>In accordance with paragraph 1 of Article 35 of the MLI, paragraph 1 of Article 6 of the MLI has effect with respect to the application of the Convention by the United Kingdom:</p>
                                    <p>a) with respect to taxes withheld at source on amounts paid or credited to nonresidents, where the event giving rise to such taxes occurs on or after 1 January 2020; and</p>
                                    <p>b) with respect to corporation tax levied by United Kingdom from 1 April 2020 and with respect to income tax and capital gains tax levied by the United Kingdom from 6 April 2020.</p>
                                </authorialNote>
                            </p>
                        </authorialNote>
                    </p>
                    <article>
                        <num>ARTICLE 6 OF THE MLI – PURPOSE OF A COVERED TAX AGREEMENT</num>
                        <content>
                            <p>
                                Intending to eliminate double taxation with respect to the taxes covered by [
                                <i>this Convention</i>
                                ] without creating opportunities for non-taxation or reduced taxation through tax evasion or avoidance (including through treaty-shopping arrangements aimed at obtaining reliefs provided in [
                                <i>the Convention</i>
                                ] for the indirect benefit of residents of third jurisdictions),
                            </p>
                        </content>
                    </article>
                </embeddedStructure>
            </p>
            <p> Have agreed as follows:</p>
        </preamble>
        <mainBody>
            <article eId="art_1">
                <num>Article 1</num>
                <heading>Personal Scope</heading>
                <content>
                    <p>This Convention shall apply to persons who are residents of one or both of the Contracting States.</p>
                </content>
            </article>
            <article eId="art_2">
                <num>Article 2</num>
                <heading>Taxes Covered</heading>
                <content>
                    <p>(1) The taxes which are the subject of this Convention are:</p>
                    <p>(a) in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland:</p>
                    <p>(i) the income tax;</p>
                    <p>(ii) the corporation tax;</p>
                    <p>(iii) the petroleum revenue tax; and</p>
                    <p>(iv) the capital gains tax;</p>
                    <p>(b) in Finland:</p>
                    <p>(i) the state income taxes (valtion tuloverot; de statliga inkomstskatterna);</p>
                    <p>(ii) the corporate income tax (yhteisöjen tulovero; inkomstskatten för samfund);</p>
                    <p>(iii) the communal tax (kunnallisvero; kommunalskatten);</p>
                    <p>(iv) the church tax (kirkollisvero; kyrkoskatten);</p>
                    <p>(v) the tax withheld at source from interest (korkotulon lähdevero; källskatten på ränteinkomst);</p>
                    <p>(vi) the tax withheld at source from non-residents' income (rajoitetusti verovelvollisen lähdevero; källskatten för begränsat skattskyldig); and</p>
                    <p>(vii) the state capital tax (valtion varallisuusvero; den statliga förmögenhetsskatten).</p>
                    <p>
                        (<a href="/akn/fi/doc/treaty/1997/63">Sops 62–63/1997</a>)
                    </p>
                    <p>
                        (2) This Convention shall also apply to any identical or substantially similar taxes which are imposed in either Contracting State after the date of signature of this Convention in addition to, or in place of, the existing taxes. The competent authorities of the Contracting States shall notify to each other any changes which are made in their respective taxation laws. (<a href="/akn/fi/doc/treaty/1997/63">Sops 62–63/1997</a>)
                    </p>
                </content>
            </article>
            <article eId="art_3">
                <num>Article 3</num>
                <heading>General Definitions</heading>
                <content>
                    <p>(1) In this Convention, unless the context otherwise requires:</p>
                    <p>(a) the term "United Kingdom" means Great Britain and Northern Ireland, including any area outside the territorial sea of the United Kingdom which in accordance with international law has been or may hereafter be designated, under the laws of the United Kingdom concerning the Continental Shelf, as an area within which the rights of the United Kingdom with respect to the sea bed and sub-soil and their natural resources may be exercised;</p>
                    <p>(b) the term "Finland" means the Republic of Finland, including any area outside the territorial sea of Finland within which in accordance with international law and under the laws of Finland concerning the Continental Shelf the rights of Finland with respect to the sea bed and sub-soil and their natural resources may be exercised;</p>
                    <p>(c) the term "national" means:</p>
                    <p>(i) in relation to the United Kingdom, any British citizen or any British subject not possessing the citizenship of any other Commonwealth country or territory, provided he has the right of abode in the United Kingdom; and any legal person, partnership, association or other entity deriving its status as such from the law in force in the United Kingdom;</p>
                    <p>(ii) in relation to Finland, any individual possessing the nationality of Finland and any legal person, partnership, association or other entity deriving its status as such from the law in force in Finland;</p>
                    <p>
                        (<a href="/akn/fi/doc/treaty/1992/2">SopS 1–2/1992</a>)
                    </p>
                    <p>(d) the term "Finnish tax" means tax imposed in Finland being tax to which this Convention applies by virtue of the provisions of Article 2; the term "United Kingdom tax" means tax imposed in the United Kingdom being tax to which this Convention applies by virtue of the provisions of Article 2;</p>
                    <p>(e) the term "tax" means Finnish tax or United Kingdom tax, as the context requires;</p>
                    <p>(f) the terms "a Contracting State" and "the other Contracting State" mean Finland or the United Kingdom, as the context requires;</p>
                    <p>
                        (g) the term "person" comprises an individual, a company and any other body of persons, but does not include partnerships which are not treated as bodies corporate for tax purposes in either Contracting State; (<a href="/akn/fi/doc/treaty/1992/2">SopS 1–2/1992</a>)
                    </p>
                    <p>(h) the term "company" means any body corporate or any entity which is treated as a body corporate for tax purposes;</p>
                    <p>(i) the terms "enterprise of a Contracting State" and "enterprise of the other Contracting State" mean respectively an enterprise carried on by a resident of a Contracting State and an enterprise carried on by a resident of the other Contracting State;</p>
                    <p>(j) the term "competent authority" means, in the case of Finland, the Ministry of Finance or its authorised representative, and in the case of the United Kingdom, the Commissioners of Inland Revenue or their authorised representative.</p>
                    <p>(2) As regards the application of this Convention by a Contracting State any term not otherwise defined shall, unless the context otherwise requires, have the meaning which it has under the laws of that Contracting State relating to the taxes which are the subject of this Convention.</p>
                </content>
            </article>
            <article eId="art_4">
                <num>Article 4</num>
                <heading>Fiscal Domicile</heading>
                <content>
                    <p>(1) For the purposes of this Convention, the term "resident of a Contracting State" means, subject to the provisions of paragraphs (2) and (3) of this Article, any person who, under the law of that State, is liable to taxation therein by reason of his domicile, residence, place of management or any other criterion of a similar nature; the term does not include any individual who is liable to tax in that Contracting State only if he derives income from sources therein. The terms "resident of Finland " and "resident of the United Kingdom" shall be construed accordingly.</p>
                    <p>(2) Where by reason of the provisions of paragraph (1) of this Article an individual is a resident of both Contracting States, then his status shall be determined in accordance with the following rules:</p>
                    <p>(a) he shall be deemed to be a resident of the Contracting State in which he has a permanent home available to him. If he has a permanent home available to him in both Contracting States, he shall be deemed to be a resident of the Contracting State with which his personal and economic relations are closest (centre of vital interests); </p>
                    <p>(b) if the Contracting State in which he has his centre of vital interests cannot be determined, or if he has not a permanent home available to him in either Contracting State, he shall be deemed to be a resident of the Contracting State in which he has an habitual abode; </p>
                    <p>(c) if he has an habitual abode in both Contracting States or in neither of them, he shall be deemed to be a resident of the Contracting State of which he is a national; </p>
                    <p>
                        (d) if he is a national of both Contracting States or of neither of them, the competent authorities of the Contracting States shall settle the question by mutual agreement. (<a href="/akn/fi/doc/treaty/1997/63">Sops 62–63/1997</a>)
                    </p>
                    <p>(3) Where by reason of the provisions of paragraph (1) of this Article a person other than an individual is a resident of both Contracting States, then it shall be deemed to be a resident of the Contracting State in which its place of effective management is situated.</p>
                </content>
            </article>
            <article eId="art_5">
                <num>Article 5</num>
                <heading>Permanent Establishment</heading>
                <content>
                    <p>(1) For the purposes of this Convention, the term "permanent establishment" means a fixed place of business in which the business of the enterprise is wholly or partly carried on.</p>
                    <p>(2) The term "permanent establishment" shall include especially:</p>
                    <p>(a) a place of management;</p>
                    <p>(b) a branch;</p>
                    <p>(c) an office;</p>
                    <p>(d) a factory;</p>
                    <p>(e) a workshop;</p>
                    <p>(f) a mine, quarry or other place of extraction of natural resources;</p>
                    <p>(g) a building site or construction or assembly project which exists for more than twelve months.</p>
                    <p>(3) The term "permanent establishment" shall not be deemed to include:</p>
                    <p>(a) the use of facilities solely for the purpose of storage, display or delivery of goods or merchandise belonging to the enterprise;</p>
                    <p>(b) the maintenance of a stock of goods or merchandise belonging to the enterprise solely for the purpose of storage, display or delivery;</p>
                    <p>(c) the maintenance of a stock of goods or merchandise belonging to the enterprise solely for the purpose of processing by another enterprise;</p>
                    <p>(d) the maintenance of a fixed place of business solely for the purpose of purchasing goods or merchandise, or for collecting information, for the enterprise;</p>
                    <p>(e) the maintenance of a fixed place of business solely for the purpose of advertising, for the supply of information, for scientific research or for similar activities which have a preparatory or auxiliary character, for the enterprise.</p>
                    <p>(4) An enterprise of a Contracting State shall be deemed to have a permanent establishment in the other Contracting State if it carries on the activity of providing the services within that other Contracting State of public entertainers or athletes referred to in Article 18.</p>
                    <p>(5) A person acting in a Contracting State on behalf of an enterprise of the other Contracting State -- other than an agent of an independent status to whom the provisions of paragraph (6) of this Article apply -- shall be deemed to be a permanent establishment in the first-mentioned State if he has, and habitually exercises in that State, an authority to conclude contracts in the name of the enterprise, unless his activities are limited to the purchase of goods or merchandise for the enterprise.</p>
                    <p>(6) An enterprise of a Contracting State shall not be deemed to have a permanent establishment in the other Contracting State merely because it carries on business in that other State through a broker, general commission agent or any other agent of an independent status, where such persons are acting in the ordinary course of their business.</p>
                    <p>(7) The fact that a company which is a resident of a Contracting State controls or is controlled by a company which is a resident of the other Contracting State, or which carries on business in that other State (whether through a permanent establishment or otherwise), shall not of itself constitute either company a permanent establishment of the other.</p>
                </content>
            </article>
            <article eId="art_6">
                <num>Article 6 (Sops 62–63/1997)</num>
                <heading>Limitation of Relief</heading>
                <content>
                    <p>Where under any provision of this Convention income or capital gains are relieved from Finnish tax and, under the law in force in the United Kingdom, an individual in respect of the said income or capital gains is subject to tax by reference to the amount thereof which is remitted to or received in the United Kingdom and not by reference to the full amount thereof, then the relief to be allowed under this Convention in Finland shall apply only to so much of the income or capital gains as is remitted to or received in the United Kingdom.</p>
                </content>
            </article>
            <article eId="art_7">
                <num>Article 7 (SopS 7–8/1987)</num>
                <heading>Income from immovable property</heading>
                <content>
                    <p>(1) Income derived by a resident of a Contracting State from immovable property (including income from agriculture or forestry) situated in the other Contracting State may be taxed in that other State.</p>
                    <p>(2) (a) The term 'immovable property' shall, subject to the provisions of sub-paragraphs (b) and (c) below, have the meaning which it has under the law of the Contracting State in which the property in question is situated.</p>
                    <p>(b) The term 'immovable property' shall in any case include property accessory to immovable property, livestock and equipment used in agriculture and forestry, rights to which the provisions of general law respecting landed property apply, usufruct of immovable property and rights to variable or fixed payments as consideration for the working of, or the right to work, mineral deposits, sources and other natural resources.</p>
                    <p>(c) Ships, boats and aircraft shall not be regarded as immovable property.</p>
                    <p>(3) The provisions of paragraph (1) of this Article shall apply to income derived from the direct use, letting, or use in any other form of immovable property.</p>
                    <p>(4) Where the ownership of shares or other corporate rights in a company entitles the owner of such shares or corporate rights to the enjoyment of immovable property owned or leased by the company, the income from the direct use, letting, or use in any other form of such entitlement to enjoyment may be taxed in the Contracting State in which the immovable property is situated.</p>
                    <p>(5) The provisions of paragraphs (1) and (3) of this Article shall also apply to the income from immovable property of an enterprise and to income from immovable property used for the performance of independent personal services.</p>
                    <p>(6) The provisions of paragraph (4) of this Article shall also apply to the income from an entitlement to enjoyment referred to in that paragraph of an enterprise and to income from such entitlement to enjoyment directly connected with immovable property used for the performance of independent personal services.</p>
                </content>
            </article>
            <article eId="art_8">
                <num>Article 8</num>
                <heading>Business profits</heading>
                <content>
                    <p> (1) The profits of an enterprise of a Contracting State shall be taxable only in that State unless the enterprise carries on business in the other Contracting State through a permanent establishment situated therein. If the enterprise carries on business as aforesaid, the profits of the enterprise may be taxed in the other State but only so much of them as is attributable to that permanent establishment.</p>
                    <p>(2) Where an enterprise of a Contracting State carries on business in the other Contracting State through a permanent establishment situated therein, there shall in each Contracting State be attributed to that permanent establishment the profits which it might be expected to make if it were a distinct and separate enterprise engaged in the same or similar activities under the same or similar conditions and dealing at arm's length with the enterprise of which it is a permanent establishment.</p>
                    <p>(3) In the determination of the profits of a permanent establishment, there shall be allowed as deductions expenses of the enterprise (other than expenses which would not be deductible if the permanent establishment were a separate enterprise) which are incurred for the purposes of the permanent establishment, including executive and general administrative expenses so incurred, whether in the State in which the permanent establishment is situated or elsewhere.</p>
                    <p>(4) In so far as it has been customary in a Contracting State, according to its law, to determine the profits to be attributed to a permanent establishment on the basis of an apportionment of the total income of the enterprise to its various parts, nothing in paragraph (2) of this Article shall preclude that Contracting State from determining the profits to be taxed by such an apportionment as may be customary; the method of apportionment adopted shall, however, be such that the result shall be in accordance with the principles of this Article.</p>
                    <p>(5) No profits shall be attributed to a permanent establishment by reason of the mere purchase by that permanent establishment of goods or merchandise for the enterprise. </p>
                    <p>(6) For the purposes of the preceding paragraphs, the profits to be attributed to the permanent establishment shall be determined by the same method year by year unless there is good and sufficient reason to the contrary.</p>
                    <p>(7) Where profits include items which are dealt with separately in other Articles of this Convention, then the provisions of those Articles shall not be affected by the provisions of this Article.</p>
                </content>
            </article>
            <article eId="art_9">
                <num>Article 9</num>
                <heading>Shipping and air transport</heading>
                <content>
                    <p>A resident of a Contracting State shall be taxable only in that Contracting State on profits from the operation of ships or aircraft other than profits from voyages of ships or aircraft confined solely to places in the other Contracting State.</p>
                </content>
            </article>
            <article eId="art_10">
                <num>Article 10 (Sops 62–63/1997)</num>
                <heading>Associated enterprises</heading>
                <content>
                    <p>(1) Where</p>
                    <p>(a) an enterprise of a Contracting State participates directly or indirectly in the management, control or capital of an enterprise of the other Contracting State, or</p>
                    <p>(b) The same persons participate directly or indirectly in the management, control or capital of an enterprise of a Contracting State and an enterprise of the other Contracting State,</p>
                    <p>and in either case conditions are made or imposed between the two enterprises in their commercial or financial relations which differ from those which would be made between independent enterprises, then any profits which would, but for those conditions, have accrued to one of the enterprises, but, by reason of those conditions, have not so accrued, may be included in the profits of that enterprise and taxed accordingly.</p>
                    <p>(2) Where a Contracting State includes in the profits of an enterprise of that State -- and taxes accordingly -- profits on which an enterprise of the other Contracting State has been charged to tax in that other State and the profits so included are profits which would have accrued to the enterprise of the first-mentioned State if the conditions made between the two enterprises had been those which would have been made between independent enterprises, then, if it agrees that the taxation of such profits by the first-mentioned State is justified both in principle and as regards the amount under the provisions of paragraph (1) of this Article, that other State shall make an appropriate adjustment to the amount of tax charged therein on those profits. In determining such adjustment, due regard shall be had to the other provisions of this Convention and the competent authorities of the Contracting States shall if necessary consult each other.</p>
                </content>
            </article>
            <article eId="art_11">
                <num>Article 11 (Sops 62–63/1997)</num>
                <heading>Dividends</heading>
                <content>
                    <p>(1) Dividends paid by a company being a resident of a Contracting State which are derived and beneficially owned by a resident of the other Contracting State shall be taxable only in that other State.</p>
                    <p>(2) The term "dividends" as used in this Article means income from shares or other rights, not being debt-claims, participating in profits, as well as income from other corporate rights assimilated to income from shares by the taxation law of the State of which the company making the distribution is a resident and also includes any other item (other than interest or royalties relieved from tax under the provisions of Article 12 or Article 13 of this Convention) which, under the law of the Contracting State of which the company paying the dividend is a resident, is treated as a dividend or distribution of a company.</p>
                    <p>(3) The provisions of paragraph (1) of this Article shall not apply if the beneficial owner of the dividends, being a resident of a Contracting State, carries on business in the other Contracting State of which the company paying the dividends is a resident, through a permanent establishment situated therein, or performs in that other State independent personal services from a fixed base situated therein, and the holding in respect of which the dividends are paid is effectively connected with such permanent establishment or fixed base. In such case the provisions of Article 8 or Article 15, as the case may be, shall apply.</p>
                    <p>
                        <embeddedStructure class="mli-replaced">
                            <p>
                                <authorialNote>
                                    <p>
                                        [Replaced by paragraph 1 of Article 7 of the MLI
                                        <authorialNote marker="2" placement="bottom">
                                            <p>See the box immediately following Article 30A of the Convention</p>
                                        </authorialNote>
                                        ]
                                    </p>
                                </authorialNote>
                            </p>
                            <p>[(4) If the beneficial owner of the dividends being a resident of a Contracting State owns 10 per cent or more of the class of shares in respect of which the dividends are paid and does not suffer tax thereon in that State then paragraph (1) of this Article shall not apply to the dividends to the extent that they can have been paid only out of profits which the company paying the dividends earned or other income which it received in a period ending twelve months or more before the relevant date. For the purposes of this paragraph the term "relevant date" means the date on which the beneficial owner of the dividends became the owner of 10 per cent or more of the class of shares in question. Provided that this paragraph shall apply only if the shares were acquired primarily for the purpose of securing the benefit of this Article and not for bona fide commercial reasons.]</p>
                        </embeddedStructure>
                    </p>
                    <p>(5) Where a company which is a resident of a Contracting State derives profits or income from the other Contracting State, that other State may not impose any tax on the dividends paid by the company, except insofar as such dividends are paid to a resident of that other State or insofar as the holding in respect of which the dividends are paid is effectively connected with a permanent establishment or a fixed base situated in that other State, nor subject the company's undistributed profits to a tax on the company's undistributed profits, even if the dividends paid or the undistributed profits consist wholly or partly of profits or income arising in such other State.</p>
                </content>
            </article>
            <article eId="art_12">
                <num>Article 12</num>
                <heading>Interest</heading>
                <content>
                    <p>
                        (1) Interest arising in a Contracting State which is derived and beneficially owned by a resident of the other Contracting State shall be taxable only in that other State. (<a href="/akn/fi/doc/treaty/1992/2">SopS 1–2/1992</a>)
                    </p>
                    <p>
                        (2) The term "interest" as used in this Article means income from Government securities, bonds or debentures, whether or not secured by mortgage and whether or not carrying a right to participate in profits, and other debt-claims of every kind as well as all other income assimilated to income from money lent by the taxation law of the State in which the income arises. The term "interest" shall not include any item which is treated as a distribution under the provisions of Article 11. (<a href="/akn/fi/doc/treaty/1992/2">SopS 1–2/1992</a>)
                    </p>
                    <p>
                        (3) The provisions of paragraph (1) of this Article shall not apply if the beneficial owner of the interest, being a resident of a Contracting State, carries on business in the other Contracting State in which the interest arises, through a permanent establishment situated therein, or performs in that other State independent personal services from a fixed base situated therein, and the debt-claim in respect of which the interest is paid is effectively connected with such permanent establishment or fixed base. In such a case the provisions of Article 8 or Article 15, as the case may be, shall apply. (<a href="/akn/fi/doc/treaty/1992/2">SopS 1–2/1992</a>)
                    </p>
                    <p>
                        (4) The exemption from tax provided for in paragraph (1) of this Article shall not apply to interest on any form of debt-claim dealt in on a stock exchange where the beneficial owner of the interest: (<a href="/akn/fi/doc/treaty/1997/63">Sops 62–63/1997</a>)
                    </p>
                    <p>(a) does not bear tax in respect thereof in the Contracting State of which it is a resident; and</p>
                    <p>(b) sells (or makes a contract to sell) the debt-claim from which such interest is derived within three months of the date on which such beneficial owner acquired such debt-claim.</p>
                    <p>
                        (5) Where, owing to a special relationship between the payer and the beneficial owner or between both of them and some other person, the amount of the interest paid exceeds, for whatever reason, the amount which would have been agreed upon by the payer and the beneficial owner in the absence of such relationship, the provisions of this Article shall apply only to the last-mentioned amount. In that case, the excess part of the payments shall remain taxable according to the law of each Contracting State, due regard being had to the other provisions of this Convention. (<a href="/akn/fi/doc/treaty/1997/63">Sops 62–63/1997</a>)
                    </p>
                    <p>
                        <embeddedStructure class="mli-replaced">
                            <p>
                                <authorialNote>
                                    <p>
                                        [Replaced by paragraph 1 of Article 7 of the MLI
                                        <authorialNote marker="3" placement="bottom">
                                            <p>See the box immediately following Article 30A of the Convention</p>
                                        </authorialNote>
                                        ]
                                    </p>
                                </authorialNote>
                            </p>
                            <p>
                                [(6) The provisions of this Article shall not apply if the debt-claim in respect of which the interest is paid was created or assigned mainly for the purpose of taking advantage of this Article and not for bona fide commercial reasons. (<a href="/akn/fi/doc/treaty/1997/63">Sops 62–63/1997</a>)]
                            </p>
                        </embeddedStructure>
                    </p>
                </content>
            </article>
            <article eId="art_13">
                <num>Article 13</num>
                <heading>Royalties</heading>
                <content>
                    <p>
                        (1) Royalties arising in a Contracting State which are derived and beneficially owned by a resident of the other Contracting State shall be taxable only in that other State. (<a href="/akn/fi/doc/treaty/1992/2">SopS 1–2/1992</a>)
                    </p>
                    <p>(2) The term "royalties" as used in this Article means payments of any kind received as a consideration for the use of, or the right to use, any copyright of literary, artistic or scientific work (including cinematograph films, and films or tapes for radio or television broadcasting), any patent, trade mark, design or model, plan, secret formula or process, or for the use of, or the right to use, industrial, commercial or scientific equiment, or for information concerning industrial, commercial or scientific experience.</p>
                    <p>
                        (3) The provisions of paragraph (1) of this Article shall not apply if the beneficial owner of the royalties, being a resident of a Contracting State, carries on business in the other Contracting State in which the royalties arise, through a permanent establishment situated therein, or performs in that other State independent personal services from a fixed base situated therein, and the right or property in respect of which the royalties are paid is effectively connected with such permanent establishment or fixed base. In such a case the provisions of Article 8 or Article 15, as the case may be, shall apply. (<a href="/akn/fi/doc/treaty/1992/2">SopS 1–2/1992</a>)
                    </p>
                    <p>(4) Without prejudice to the provisions of paragraph (5) of this Article, any provision of the law of a Contracting State which requires royalties paid by a company to be left out of account as a deduction in computing the company's taxable profits as being a distribution shall not operate in relation to royalties paid to a resident of the other Contracting State. The preceding sentence shall not however apply to royalties derived and beneficially owned by a company which is a resident of that other Contracting State where:</p>
                    <p>(a) the same persons participate directly or indirectly in the management or control of the company paying the royalties and the company beneficially owning the royalties; and</p>
                    <p>(b) more than 50 per cent of the voting power in the company beneficially owning the royalties is controlled directly or indirectly by a person or persons resident in the Contracting State in which the company paying the royalties is resident.</p>
                    <p>
                        (5) Where, owing to a special relationship between the payer and the beneficial owner or between both of them and some other person, the amount of the royalties paid exceeds, for whatever reason, the amount which would have been agreed upon by the payer and the beneficial owner in the absence of such relationship, the provisions of this Article shall apply only to the last-mentioned amount. In that case, the excess part of the payments shall remain taxable according to the law of each Contracting State, due regard being had to the other provisions of this Convention. (<a href="/akn/fi/doc/treaty/1992/2">SopS 1–2/1992</a>)
                    </p>
                    <p>
                        <embeddedStructure class="mli-replaced">
                            <p>
                                <authorialNote>
                                    <p>
                                        [Replaced by paragraph 1 of Article 7 of the MLI
                                        <authorialNote marker="4" placement="bottom">
                                            <p>See the box immediately following Article 30A of the Convention</p>
                                        </authorialNote>
                                        ]
                                    </p>
                                </authorialNote>
                            </p>
                            <p>
                                [(6) The provisions of this Article shall not apply if the right or property giving rise to the royalties was created or assigned mainly for the purpose of taking advantage of this Article and not for bona fide commercial reasons. (<a href="/akn/fi/doc/treaty/1992/2">SopS 1–2/1992</a>)]
                            </p>
                        </embeddedStructure>
                    </p>
                </content>
            </article>
            <article eId="art_14">
                <num>Article 14 (SopS 7–8/1987)</num>
                <heading>Capital Gains</heading>
                <content>
                    <p>(1) Gains derived by a resident of a Contracting State from the alienation of immovable property, as defined in paragraph (2) of Article 7, situated in the other Contracting State may be taxed in that other State.</p>
                    <p>(2) Gains derived by a resident of a Contracting State from the alienation of:</p>
                    <p>(a) shares or other corporate rights, other than shares quoted on an approved Stock Exchange, deriving more than half of their value directly or indirectly from immovable property situated in the other Contracting State, or</p>
                    <p>(b) an interest in a partnership or trust the assets of which derive more than half of their value from immovable property situated in the other Contracting State, or from shares or other corporate rights referred to in sub-paragraph (a) above, may be taxed in that other State.</p>
                    <p>
                        (<a href="/akn/fi/doc/treaty/1997/63">Sops 62–63/1997</a>)
                    </p>
                    <p>(3) Gains from the alienation of movable property forming part of the business property of a permanent establishment which an enterprise of a Contracting State has in the other Contracting State or of movable property pertaining to a fixed base available to a resident of a Contracting State in the other Contracting State for the purpose of performing independent personal services, including such gains from the alienation of such a permanent establishment (alone or with the whole enterprise) or of such fixed base, may be taxed in that other State.</p>
                    <p>(4) Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph (3) of this Article, gains derived by a resident of a Contracting State from the alienation of ships or aircraft operated in international traffic and movable property pertaining to the operation of such ships or aircraft shall be taxable only in that State.</p>
                    <p>(5) Gains derived by a resident of a Contracting State from the alienation of rights to assets to be produced by the exploration or exploitation of the sea bed and sub-soil and their natural resources situated in the other Contracting State, including rights to interests in or to the benefit of such assets or from the alienation of shares deriving their value or the greater part of their value directly or indirectly from such rights, may be taxed in that other State.</p>
                    <p>(6) Gains from the alienation of any property other than those mentioned in the preceding paragraphs of this Article shall be taxable only in the Contracting State of which the alienator is a resident.</p>
                    <p>(7) The provisions of paragraph (6) of this Article shall not affect the right of a Contracting State to levy according to its own law a tax on gains from the alienation of any property derived by an individual who is a resident of the other Contracting State and has been a resident of the first-mentioned Contracting State at any time during the five years immediately preceding the alienation of the property.</p>
                </content>
            </article>
            <article eId="art_15">
                <num>Article 15</num>
                <heading>Independent Personal Services</heading>
                <content>
                    <p>(1) Income derived by a resident of a Contracting State in respect of professional services or other independent activities of a similar character shall be taxable only in that State unless he has a fixed base regularly available to him in the other Contracting State for the purpose of performing his activities. If he has such a fixed base, the income may be taxed in the other Contracting State but only so much of it as is attributable to that fixed base.</p>
                    <p>(2) The term "professional services" includes especially independent scientific, literary, artistic, educational or teaching activities as well as the independent activities of physicians, lawyers, engineers, architects, dentists and accountants.</p>
                </content>
            </article>
            <article eId="art_16">
                <num>Article 16</num>
                <heading>Employments</heading>
                <content>
                    <p>(1) Subject to the provisions of Article 17, 19, 20, 21 and 22, salaries, wages and other similar remuneration derived by a resident of a Contracting State in respect of an employment shall be taxable only in that State unless the employment is exercised in the other Contracting State. If the employment is so exercised, such remuneration as is derived therefrom may be taxed in that other State.</p>
                    <p>(2) Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph (1) of this Article, remuneration derived by a resident of a Contracting State in respect of an employment exercised in the other Contracting State shall be taxable only in the first-mentioned State if:</p>
                    <p>
                        (a) the recipient is present in the other State for a period or periods not exceeding in the aggregate 183 days within any twelve-month period; and (<a href="/akn/fi/doc/treaty/1997/63">Sops 62–63/1997</a>)
                    </p>
                    <p>(b) the remuneration is paid by, or on behalf of, an employer who is not a resident of the other State; and</p>
                    <p>(c) the remuneration is not borne by a permanent establishment or a fixed base which the employer has in the other State.</p>
                    <p>(3) Notwithstanding the preceding provisions of this Article, remuneration in respect of an employment exercised aboard a ship or aircraft in international traffic may be taxed in the Contracting State of which the person deriving the profits from the operation of the ship or aircraft is a resident.</p>
                </content>
            </article>
            <article eId="art_17">
                <num>Article 17</num>
                <heading>Directors' Fees</heading>
                <content>
                    <p>Directors' fees and similar payments derived by a resident of a Contracting State in his capacity as a member of the board of directors of a company which is a resident of the other Contracting State may be taxed in that other State.</p>
                </content>
            </article>
            <article eId="art_18">
                <num>Article 18</num>
                <heading>Artistes and Athletes</heading>
                <content>
                    <p>Notwithstanding the provisions of Articles 15 and 16, income derived by public entertainers, such as theatre, motion picture, radio or television artistes, and musicians, and by athletes, from their personal activities as such may be taxed in the Contracting State in which those activities are exercised.</p>
                </content>
            </article>
            <article eId="art_19">
                <num>Article 19 (Sops 62–63/1997)</num>
                <heading>Pension, Annuities and Social Welfare Payments</heading>
                <content>
                    <p>(1) Subject to the provisions of paragraph (2) of Article 20:</p>
                    <p>(a) pensions and other similar payments arising in a Contracting State,</p>
                    <p>(b) benefits, whether periodic or lump-sum compensation, awarded under the social security legislation of a Contracting State or under any public scheme organised by a Contracting State for social welfare purposes, or</p>
                    <p>(c) any annuity in a Contracting State,</p>
                    <p>shall be taxable only in that Contracting State.</p>
                    <p>(2) The term "annuity" as used in this Article means a stated sum payable periodically to an individual at stated times during his life, or during a specified or ascertainable period of time, under an obligation to make the payments in return for adequate and full consideration in money or money's worth.</p>
                </content>
            </article>
            <article eId="art_20">
                <num>Article 20 (SopS 7–8/1987)</num>
                <heading>Government Service</heading>
                <content>
                    <p>(1) (a) Remuneration, other than a pension, paid by a Contracting State or a political subdivision or a public community or a local authority thereof to an individual in respect of services rendered to that State or subdivision or community or authority shall be taxable only in that State.</p>
                    <p>(b) However, such remuneration shall be taxable only in the other Contracting State if the services are rendered in that State and the individual is a resident of that State who:</p>
                    <p>(i) is a national of that State; or</p>
                    <p>(ii) did not become a resident of that State solely for the purpose of rendering the services.</p>
                    <p>(2) (a) Any pension paid by, or out of funds created by, a Contracting State or a political subdivision or a public community or a local authority thereof to an individual in respect of services rendered to that State or subdivision or community or authority shall be taxable only in that State.</p>
                    <p>(b) However, such pension shall be taxable only in the other Contracting State if the individual is a resident of, and a national of, that State.</p>
                    <p>(3) The provisions of Articles 16, 17 and 19 shall apply to remuneration and pensions in respect of services rendered in connection with a business carried on by a Contracting State or a political subdivision or a public community or a local authority thereof.</p>
                </content>
            </article>
            <article eId="art_21">
                <num>Article 21</num>
                <heading>Students</heading>
                <content>
                    <p>(1) An individual who is a resident of a Contracting State immediately before his visit to the other Contracting State and who is temporarily present in that other Contracting State solely:</p>
                    <p>(a) as a student at a university, college, school or other educational institution; or</p>
                    <p>(b) as a business, technical, agricultural or forestry apprentice; or</p>
                    <p>(c) as the recipient of a grant, allowance or award from a religious, charitable, scientific or educational organisation made for the primary purpose of study; </p>
                    <p>shall not be taxed in that other Contracting State in respect of:</p>
                    <p>(i) remittances from abroad for the purpose of his maintenance, education or training;</p>
                    <p>(ii) the grant, allowance or award; and</p>
                    <p>(iii) remuneration for services rendered in that other Contracting State, provided that the services are in connection with his studies or training or the remuneration constitutes earnings reasonably necessary for his maintenance or education.</p>
                    <p>(2) The benefits under the provisions of paragraph (1) of this Article shall extend only for such period of time as may be reasonably or customarily required to effectuate the purpose of the visit, but in no event shall any individual have the benefits of the provisions of that paragraph for more than five years.</p>
                    <p>(3) An individual who is, or was immediately before visiting a Contracting State, a resident of the other Contracting State, and who is present in the first-mentioned Contracting State as a recipient of a grant, allowance or award from a religious, charitable, scientific or educational organisation made for the primary purpose of research to be carried out in a period which does not exceed two years, shall not be taxed in that first-mentioned Contracting State in respect of the grant, allowance or award.</p>
                </content>
            </article>
            <article eId="art_22">
                <num>Article 22</num>
                <heading>Teachers</heading>
                <content>
                    <p>A professor or teacher who visits a Contracting State for a period not exceeding two years for the purpose of teaching at a university, college, school or other educational institution in that Contracting State and who is, or was immediately before that visit, a resident of the other Contracting State shall be exempt from tax in the first-mentioned Contracting State on any remuneration for such teaching in respect of which he is subject to tax in the other Contracting State.</p>
                </content>
            </article>
            <article eId="art_23">
                <num>Article 23 (SopS 1–2/1992)</num>
                <heading>Other Income</heading>
                <content>
                    <p>(1) Items of income of a resident of a Contracting State, wherever arising, other than income paid out of trusts and estates during the course of administration, which are not expressly mentioned in the foregoing Articles of this Convention shall be taxable only in that State.</p>
                    <p>(2) The provisions of paragraph (1) of this Article shall not apply to income, other than income from immovable property as defined in paragraph (2) of Article 7, if the recipient of such income, being a resident of a Contracting State, carries on business in the other Contracting State through a permanent establishment situated therein, or performs in that other State independent personal services from a fixed base situated therein, and the right or property in respect of which the income is paid is effectively connected with such permanent establishment or fixed base. In such case the provisions of Article 8 or Article 15, as the case may be, shall apply.</p>
                </content>
            </article>
            <article eId="art_24">
                <num>Article 24 (SopS 7–8/1987)</num>
                <heading>Capital</heading>
                <content>
                    <p>(1) Capital represented by immovable property, as defined in paragraph (2) of Article 7, owned by a resident of a Contracting State and situated in the other Contracting State, may be taxed in that other State.</p>
                    <p>(2) Capital represented by:</p>
                    <p>(a) shares or other corporate rights, other than shares quoted on an approved Stock Exchange, deriving more than half of their value directly or indirectly from immovable property situated in a Contracting State, or</p>
                    <p>(b) an interest in a partnership or trust the assets of which derive more than half of their value from immovable property situated in a Contracting State, or from shares or other corporate rights referred to in sub-paragraph (a) above,</p>
                    <p>may be taxed in that State.</p>
                    <p>
                        (<a href="/akn/fi/doc/treaty/1997/63">Sops 62–63/1997</a>)
                    </p>
                    <p>(3) Capital represented by movable property forming part of the business property of a permanent establishment which an enterprise of a Contracting State has in the other Contracting State or by movable property pertaining to a fixed base available to a resident of a Contracting State in the other Contracting State for the purpose of performing independent personal services, may be taxed in that other State.</p>
                    <p>(4) Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph (3) of this Article, capital represented by ships or aircraft operated in international traffic and by movable property pertaining to the operation of such ships or aircraft shall be taxable only in the Contracting State of which the operator is a resident.</p>
                    <p>(5) All other elements of capital of a resident of a Contracting State shall be taxable only in that State.</p>
                </content>
            </article>
            <article eId="art_25">
                <num>Article 25</num>
                <heading>Elimination of Double Taxation</heading>
                <content>
                    <p>(1) Subject to the provisions of the law of the United Kingdom regarding the allowance as a credit against United Kingdom tax of tax payable in a territory outside the United Kingdom (which shall not affect the general principle hereof):</p>
                    <p>(a) Finnish tax payable under the laws of Finland and in accordance with this Convention, whether directly or by deduction, on profits, income or chargeable gains from sources within Finland (excluding in the case of a dividend, tax payable in respect of the profits out of which the dividend is paid) shall be allowed as a credit against any United Kingdom tax computed by reference to the same profits, income or chargeable gains by reference to which the Finnish tax is computed;</p>
                    <p>
                        (b) in the case of a dividend paid by a company being a resident of Finland to a company which is a resident of the United Kingdom and which controls directly or indirectly at least 10 per cent of the voting power in the company paying the dividend, the credit shall take into account (in addition to any Finnish tax creditable under the provisions of sub-paragraph (a) of this paragraph) the Finnish tax payable by the company in respect of the profits out of which such dividend is paid. (<a href="/akn/fi/doc/treaty/1997/63">Sops 62–63/1997</a>)
                    </p>
                    <p>(2) Subject to the provisions of the law of Finland regarding the elimination of international double taxation (which shall not affect the general principle hereof), double taxation shall be eliminated in Finland as follows:</p>
                    <p>(a) Where a resident of Finland derives income or chargeable gains which, in accordance with the provisions of the Convention, may be taxed in the United Kingdom. Finland shall, subject to the provisions of sub-paragraph (b) of this paragraph, allow as a deduction from the Finnish tax of that person, an amount equal to the United Kingdom tax paid under the law of the United Kingdom and in accordance with the Convention, as computed by reference to the same income or chargeable gains by reference to which the Finnish tax is computed.</p>
                    <p>(b) Dividends paid by a company being a resident of the United Kingdom to a company which is a resident of Finland and which controls directly at least 10 per cent of the voting power in the company paying the dividends shall be exempt from Finnish tax.</p>
                    <p>(c) Where a resident of Finland derives income which, in accordance with the provisions of Article 19 or Article 20, shall be taxable only in the United Kingdom, such income shall be exempt from Finnish tax; however, Finland may, in calculating the amount of tax on the remaining income of such person, take into account the exempted income.</p>
                    <p>
                        (<a href="/akn/fi/doc/treaty/1997/63">Sops 62–63/1997</a>)
                    </p>
                    <p>(3) For the purposes of paragraph (1) of this Article income, profits and capital gains owned by a resident of the United Kingdom which may be taxed in Finland in accordance with this Convention shall be deemed to arise from sources in Finland.</p>
                </content>
            </article>
            <tblock class="noteEditorial" eId="note_1" finlex:outline="huomautus">
                <p>
                    See exchange of notes regarding 1(b) and 2(b). 
                    <a href="/akn/fi/doc/treaty/1997/63">Sops 62–63/1997</a>
                </p>
            </tblock>
            <article eId="art_26">
                <num>Article 26</num>
                <content>
                    <p>
                        Article 26 has been deleted. (<a href="/akn/fi/doc/treaty/1997/63">Sops 62–63/1997</a>)
                    </p>
                </content>
            </article>
            <article eId="art_27">
                <num>Article 27</num>
                <heading>Non-discrimination</heading>
                <content>
                    <p>(1) The nationals of a Contracting State shall not be subjected in the other Contracting State to any taxation or any requirement connected therewith which is other or more burdensome than the taxation and connected requirements to which nationals of that other State in the same circumstances are or may be subjected.</p>
                    <p>(2) The taxation on a permanent establishment which an enterprise of a Contracting State has in the other Contracting State shall not be less favourably levied in that other State than the taxation levied on enterprises of that other State carrying on the same activities.</p>
                    <p>(3) Enterprises of a Contracting State, the capital of which is wholly or partly owned or controlled, directly or indirectly by one or more residents of the other Contracting State, shall not be subjected in the first-mentioned Contracting State to any taxation or any requirement connected therewith which is other or more burdensome than the taxation and connected requirements to which other similar enterprises of that first-mentioned State are or may be subjected.</p>
                    <p>(4) In determining for the purpose of United Kingdom tax whether a company is a close company, the term "recognised stock exchange" shall include the Helsinki Stock Exchange.</p>
                    <p>(5) Nothing contained in this Article shall be construed as obliging either Contracting State to grant to individuals not resident in that State any of the personal allowances, reliefs and reductions for tax purposes which are granted to individuals so resident, nor as obliging the United Kingdom to grant to a company which is a resident of Finland a greater relief from United Kingdom income tax chargeable upon dividends received from a company which is a resident of the United Kingdom than the relief to which the first-mentioned company may be entitled under the provisions of Article 11 of this Convention.</p>
                    <p>(6) In this Article the term "taxation" means taxes of every kind and description.</p>
                </content>
            </article>
            <article eId="art_28">
                <num>Article 28</num>
                <heading>Mutual Agreement Procedure</heading>
                <content>
                    <p>
                        <embeddedStructure class="mli-replaced">
                            <p>
                                <authorialNote>
                                    <p>[REPLACED by the first sentence of paragraph 1 of Article 16 of the MLI]</p>
                                </authorialNote>
                            </p>
                            <p>
                                [1. Where a resident of a Contracting State considers that the actions of one or both of the Contracting States result or will result for him in taxation not in accordance with this Convention, he may, notwithstanding the remedies provided by the national laws of those States, present his case to the competent authority of the Contracting State of which he is a resident. (<a href="/akn/fi/doc/treaty/1997/63">Sops 62–63/1997</a>)]
                            </p>
                        </embeddedStructure>
                    </p>
                    <p>
                        <embeddedStructure class="mli-replacement">
                            <p>
                                <authorialNote>
                                    <p>
                                        The following first sentence of paragraph 1 of Article 16 of the MLI replaces the paragraph 1 of Article 28 of this Convention:
                                        <authorialNote marker="5" placement="bottom">
                                            <p>In accordance with paragraphs 1 and 3 of Article 35 of the MLI, the first sentence of paragraph 1 of Article 16 of the MLI has effect with respect to the application of this Convention by Republic of Finland:</p>
                                            <p>a) with respect to taxes withheld at source on amounts paid or credited to nonresidents, where the event giving rise to such taxes occurs on or after 1 January 2020; and</p>
                                            <p>b) with respect to all other taxes levied by Republic of Finland, for taxes levied with respect to taxable periods beginning on or after 1 January 2020;</p>
                                            <p>and,</p>
                                            <p>In accordance with paragraph 1 of Article 35 of the MLI, the first sentence of paragraph 1 of Article 16 of the MLI has effect with respect to the application of the Convention by the United Kingdom:</p>
                                            <p>a) with respect to taxes withheld at source on amounts paid or credited to nonresidents, where the event giving rise to such taxes occurs on or after 1 January 2020; and</p>
                                            <p>b) with respect to corporation tax levied by United Kingdom from 1 April 2020 and with respect to income tax and capital gains tax levied by the United Kingdom from 6 April 2020.</p>
                                        </authorialNote>
                                    </p>
                                </authorialNote>
                            </p>
                            <article>
                                <num>ARTICLE 16 OF THE MLI – MUTUAL AGREEMENT PROCEDURE</num>
                                <content>
                                    <p>
                                        Where a person considers that the actions of one or both of the [
                                        <i>Contracting States</i>
                                        ] result or will result for that person in taxation not in accordance with the provisions of [
                                        <i>this Convention</i>
                                        ], that person may, irrespective of the remedies provided by the domestic law of those [
                                        <i>Contracting States</i>
                                        ], present the case to the competent authority of either [
                                        <i>Contracting State</i>
                                        ].
                                    </p>
                                </content>
                            </article>
                        </embeddedStructure>
                    </p>
                    <p>
                        <embeddedStructure class="mli-addition">
                            <p>
                                <authorialNote>
                                    <p>
                                        The following second sentence of paragraph 1 of Article 16 of the MLI applies and supersedes the provisions of this Convention:
                                        <authorialNote marker="6" placement="bottom">
                                            <p>In accordance with paragraphs 1 and 3 of Article 35 of the MLI, the second sentence paragraph 1 of Article 16 of the MLI has effect with respect to the application of this Convention by Republic of Finland:</p>
                                            <p>a) with respect to taxes withheld at source on amounts paid or credited to nonresidents, where the event giving rise to such taxes occurs on or after 1 January 2020; and</p>
                                            <p>b) with respect to all other taxes levied by Republic of Finland, for taxes levied with respect to taxable periods beginning on or after 1 January 2020;</p>
                                            <p>and,</p>
                                            <p>In accordance with paragraph 1 of Article 35 of the MLI, the second sentence of paragraph 1 of Article 16 of the MLI has effect with respect to the application of the Convention by the United Kingdom:</p>
                                            <p>a) with respect to taxes withheld at source on amounts paid or credited to nonresidents, where the event giving rise to such taxes occurs on or after 1 January 2020; and</p>
                                            <p>b) with respect to corporation tax levied by United Kingdom from 1 April 2020 and with respect to income tax and capital gains tax levied by the United Kingdom from 6 April 2020.</p>
                                        </authorialNote>
                                    </p>
                                </authorialNote>
                            </p>
                            <article>
                                <num>ARTICLE 16 OF THE MLI – MUTUAL AGREEMENT PROCEDURE</num>
                                <content>
                                    <p>
                                        The case must be presented within three years from the first notification of the action resulting in taxation not in accordance with the provisions of [
                                        <i>the Convention</i>
                                        ].
                                    </p>
                                </content>
                            </article>
                        </embeddedStructure>
                    </p>
                    <p>
                        (2) The competent authority shall endeavour, if the objection appears to it to be justified and if it is not itself able to arrive at an appropriate solution, to resolve the case by mutual agreement with the competent authority of the other Contracting State, with a view to the avoidance of taxation not in accordance with the Convention. (<a href="/akn/fi/doc/treaty/1997/63">Sops 62–63/1997</a>)
                    </p>
                    <p>
                        <embeddedStructure class="mli-addition">
                            <p>
                                <authorialNote>
                                    <p>
                                        The following second sentence of paragraph 2 of Article 16 of the MLI
                applies to this Convention:
                                        <authorialNote marker="7" placement="bottom">
                                            <p> In accordance with paragraphs 1 and 3 of Article 35 of the MLI, the
                        second sentence paragraph 2 of Article 16 of the MLI has effect with respect
                        to the application of this Convention by Republic of Finland:</p>
                                            <p>a) with respect to taxes withheld at source on amounts paid or
                        credited to nonresidents, where the event giving rise to such taxes occurs
                        on or after 1 January 2020; and</p>
                                            <p>b) with respect to all other taxes levied by Republic of Finland, for
                        taxes levied with respect to taxable periods beginning on or after 1 January
                        2020;</p>
                                            <p>and,</p>
                                            <p>In accordance with paragraph 1 of Article 35 of the MLI, the second
                        sentence of paragraph 2 of Article 16 of the MLI has effect with respect to
                        the application of the Convention by the United Kingdom:</p>
                                            <p>a) with respect to taxes withheld at source on amounts paid or
                        credited to nonresidents, where the event giving rise to such taxes occurs
                        on or after 1 January 2020; and</p>
                                            <p>b) with respect to corporation tax levied by United Kingdom from 1
                        April 2020 and with respect to income tax and capital gains tax levied by
                        the United Kingdom from 6 April 2020.</p>
                                        </authorialNote>
                                    </p>
                                </authorialNote>
                            </p>
                            <article>
                                <num>ARTICLE 16 OF THE MLI – MUTUAL AGREEMENT PROCEDURE</num>
                                <content>
                                    <p>
                                        Any agreement reached shall be implemented notwithstanding any time limits in the domestic law of the [
                                        <i>Contracting States</i>
                                        ].
                                    </p>
                                </content>
                            </article>
                        </embeddedStructure>
                    </p>
                    <p>
                        (3) The competent authorities of the Contracting States shall endeavour to resolve by mutual agreement any difficulties or doubts arising as to the interpretation or application of the Convention. They may also consult together to consider measures to counteract improper use of the provisions of the Conventions. (<a href="/akn/fi/doc/treaty/1997/63">Sops 62–63/1997</a>)
                    </p>
                    <p>
                        <embeddedStructure class="mli-addition">
                            <p>
                                <authorialNote>
                                    <p>
                                        The following second sentence of paragraph 3 of Article 16 of the MLI applies to this Convention:
                                        <authorialNote marker="8" placement="bottom">
                                            <p> In accordance with paragraphs 1 and 3 of Article 35 of the MLI, the second sentence of paragraph 3 of Article 16 of the MLI has effect with respect to the application of this Convention by Republic of Finland:</p>
                                            <p>a) with respect to taxes withheld at source on amounts paid or credited to nonresidents, where the event giving rise to such taxes occurs on or after 1 January 2020; and</p>
                                            <p>b) with respect to all other taxes levied by Republic of Finland, for taxes levied with respect to taxable periods beginning on or after 1 January 2020;</p>
                                            <p>and,</p>
                                            <p>In accordance with paragraph 1 of Article 35 of the MLI, the second sentence of paragraph 3 of Article 16 of the MLI has effect with respect to the application of the Convention by the United Kingdom:</p>
                                            <p>a) with respect to taxes withheld at source on amounts paid or credited to nonresidents, where the event giving rise to such taxes occurs on or after 1 January 2020; and</p>
                                            <p>b) with respect to corporation tax levied by United Kingdom from 1 April 2020 and with respect to income tax and capital gains tax levied by the United Kingdom from 6 April 2020.</p>
                                        </authorialNote>
                                    </p>
                                </authorialNote>
                            </p>
                            <article>
                                <num>ARTICLE 16 OF THE MLI – MUTUAL AGREEMENT PROCEDURE</num>
                                <content>
                                    <p>
                                        They may also consult together for the elimination of double taxation in cases not provided for in [
                                        <i>the Convention</i>
                                        ].
                                    </p>
                                </content>
                            </article>
                        </embeddedStructure>
                    </p>
                    <p>
                        (4) The competent authorities of the Contracting States may communicate with each other directly for the purpose of reaching an agreement in the sense of the preceding paragraphs. (<a href="/akn/fi/doc/treaty/1997/63">Sops 62–63/1997</a>)
                    </p>
                    <p>
                        <embeddedStructure class="mli-addition">
                            <p>
                                <authorialNote>
                                    <p>
                                        The following Part VI of the MLI applies to this Convention:
                                        <authorialNote marker="9" placement="bottom">
                                            <p>In accordance with paragraph 1 of Article 36 of the MLI, the
                        provisions of Part VI (Arbitration) of the MLI has effect with respect to
                        this Convention:  </p>
                                            <p>a) with respect to cases presented to the competent authority of a
                        Contracting State on or after 1 June 2019; and </p>
                                            <p>b) with respect to cases presented to the competent authority of a
                        Contracting State prior to 1 June 2019, on the date when both Contracting
                        States have notified the Secretary-General of the OECD that they have
                        reached mutual agreement pursuant to paragraph 10 of Article 19 of the MLI
                        (Mandatory Binding Arbitration), along with information regarding the date
                        or dates on which such cases shall be considered to have been presented to
                        the competent authority of a Contracting State (as described in subparagraph
                        a) of paragraph 1 of Article 19 of the MLI (Mandatory Binding Arbitration))
                        according to the terms of that mutual agreement.</p>
                                            <p>However, the scope of cases eligible for arbitration under the
                        provisions of Part VI of the MLI is limited due to reservations formulated
                        in accordance with subparagraph a) of paragraph 2 of Article 28 of the MLI
                        by the Contracting States. See these reservations at the end of this
                        box.</p>
                                        </authorialNote>
                                    </p>
                                </authorialNote>
                            </p>
                            <chapter>
                                <num>PART VI. ARBITRATION</num>
                                <article>
                                    <num>Article 19 (Mandatory Binding Arbitration) of the MLI</num>
                                    <content>
                                        <p>1. Where:</p>
                                        <p>
                                            a) under [
                                            <i>paragraph 1 of Article 28 of this Convention</i>
                                            ], a person has presented a case to the competent authority of a [
                                            <i>Contracting State</i>
                                            ] on the basis that the actions of one or both of the [
                                            <i>Contracting States</i>
                                            ] have resulted for that person in taxation not in accordance with the provisions of [
                                            <i>the Convention</i>
                                            ]; and
                                        </p>
                                        <p>
                                            b) the competent authorities are unable to reach an agreement to resolve that case pursuant to [
                                            <i>paragraph 2 of Article 28 of the Convention</i>
                                            ], within a period of two years beginning on the start date referred to in paragraph 8 or 9 [
                                            <i>of Article 19 of the MLI</i>
                                            ], as the case may be (unless, prior to the expiration of that period the competent authorities of the [
                                            <i>Contracting States</i>
                                            ] have agreed to a different time period with respect to that case and have notified the person who presented the case of such agreement),
                                        </p>
                                        <p>
                                            any unresolved issues arising from the case shall, if the person so requests in writing, be submitted to arbitration in the manner described in [
                                            <i>Part VI of the MLI</i>
                                            ], according to any rules or procedures agreed upon by the competent authorities of the [
                                            <i>Contracting States</i>
                                            ] pursuant to the provisions of paragraph 10 [
                                            <i>of Article 19 of the MLI</i>
                                            ].
                                        </p>
                                        <p>
                                            2. Where a competent authority has suspended the mutual agreement procedure referred to in paragraph 1 [
                                            <i>of Article 19 of the MLI</i>
                                            ] because a case with respect to one or more of the same issues is pending before court or administrative tribunal, the period provided in subparagraph b) of paragraph 1 [
                                            <i>of Article 19 of the MLI</i>
                                            ] will stop running until either a final decision has been rendered by the court or administrative tribunal or the case has been suspended or withdrawn. In addition, where a person who presented a case and a competent authority have agreed to suspend the mutual agreement procedure, the period provided in subparagraph b) of paragraph 1 [
                                            <i>of Article 19 of the MLI</i>
                                            ] will stop running until the suspension has been lifted.
                                        </p>
                                        <p>
                                            3. Where both competent authorities agree that a person directly affected by the case has failed to provide in a timely manner any additional material information requested by either competent authority after the start of the period provided in subparagraph b) of paragraph 1 [
                                            <i>of Article 19 of the MLI</i>
                                            ], the period provided in subparagraph b) of paragraph 1 [
                                            <i>of Article 19 of the MLI</i>
                                            ] shall be extended for an amount of time equal to the period beginning on the date by which the information was requested and ending on the date on which that information was provided.
                                        </p>
                                        <p>
                                            4. a) The arbitration decision with respect to the issues submitted to arbitration shall be implemented through the mutual agreement concerning the case referred to in paragraph 1 [
                                            <i>of Article 19 of the MLI</i>
                                            ]. The arbitration decision shall be final.
                                        </p>
                                        <p>
                                            b) The arbitration decision shall be binding on both [
                                            <i>Contracting States</i>
                                            ] except in the following cases:
                                        </p>
                                        <p>i) if a person directly affected by the case does not accept the mutual agreement that implements the arbitration decision. In such a case, the case shall not be eligible for any further consideration by the competent authorities. The mutual agreement that implements the arbitration decision on the case shall be considered not to be accepted by a person directly affected by the case if any person directly affected by the case does not, within 60 days after the date on which notification of the mutual agreement is sent to the person, withdraw all issues resolved in the mutual agreement implementing the arbitration decision from consideration by any court or administrative tribunal or otherwise terminate any pending court or administrative proceedings with respect to such issues in a manner consistent with that mutual agreement.</p>
                                        <p>
                                            ii) if a final decision of the courts of one of the [
                                            <i>Contracting States</i>
                                            ] holds that the arbitration decision is invalid. In such a case, the request for arbitration under paragraph 1 [
                                            <i>of Article 19 of the MLI</i>
                                            ] shall be considered not to have been made, and the arbitration process shall be considered not to have taken place (except for the purposes of Articles 21 (Confidentiality of Arbitration Proceedings) and 25 (Costs of Arbitration Proceedings) [
                                            <i>of the MLI</i>
                                            ]). In such a case, a new request for arbitration may be made unless the competent authorities agree that such a new request should not be permitted.
                                        </p>
                                        <p>iii) if a person directly affected by the case pursues litigation on the issues which were resolved in the mutual agreement implementing the arbitration decision in any court or administrative tribunal.</p>
                                        <p>
                                            5. The competent authority that received the initial request for a mutual agreement procedure as described in subparagraph a) of paragraph 1 [
                                            <i>of Article 19 of the MLI</i>
                                            ] shall, within two calendar months of receiving the request:
                                        </p>
                                        <p>a) send a notification to the person who presented the case that it has received the request; and</p>
                                        <p>
                                            b) send a notification of that request, along with a copy of the request, to the competent authority of the other [
                                            <i>Contracting State</i>
                                            ].
                                        </p>
                                        <p>
                                            6. Within three calendar months after a competent authority receives the request for a mutual agreement procedure (or a copy thereof from the competent authority of the other [
                                            <i>Contracting State</i>
                                            ]) it shall either:
                                        </p>
                                        <p>a) notify the person who has presented the case and the other competent authority that it has received the information necessary to undertake substantive consideration of the case; or</p>
                                        <p>b) request additional information from that person for that purpose.</p>
                                        <p>
                                            7. Where pursuant to subparagraph b) of paragraph 6 [
                                            <i>of Article 19 of the MLI</i>
                                            ], one or both of the competent authorities have requested from the person who presented the case additional information necessary to undertake substantive consideration of the case, the competent authority that requested the additional information shall, within three calendar months of receiving the additional information from that person, notify that person and the other competent authority either:
                                        </p>
                                        <p>a) that it has received the requested information; or</p>
                                        <p>b) that some of the requested information is still missing.</p>
                                        <p>
                                            8. Where neither competent authority has requested additional information pursuant to subparagraph b) of paragraph 6 [
                                            <i>of Article 19 of the MLI</i>
                                            ], the start date referred to in paragraph 1 [
                                            <i>of Article 19 of the MLI</i>
                                            ] shall be the earlier of:
                                        </p>
                                        <p>
                                            a) the date on which both competent authorities have notified the person who presented the case pursuant to subparagraph a) of paragraph 6 [
                                            <i>of Article 19 of the MLI</i>
                                            ]; and
                                        </p>
                                        <p>
                                            b) the date that is three calendar months after the notification to the competent authority of the other [
                                            <i>Contracting State</i>
                                            ] pursuant to subparagraph b) of paragraph 5 [
                                            <i>of Article 19 of the MLI</i>
                                            ].
                                        </p>
                                        <p>
                                            9. Where additional information has been requested pursuant to subparagraph b) of paragraph 6 [
                                            <i>of Article 19 of the MLI</i>
                                            ], the start date referred to in paragraph 1 [
                                            <i>of Article 19 of the MLI</i>
                                            ] shall be the earlier of:
                                        </p>
                                        <p>
                                            a) the latest date on which the competent authorities that requested additional information have notified the person who presented the case and the other competent authority pursuant to subparagraph a) of paragraph 7 [
                                            <i>of Article 19 of the MLI</i>
                                            ]; and
                                        </p>
                                        <p>b) the date that is three calendar months after both competent authorities have received all information requested by either competent authority from the person who presented the case.</p>
                                        <p>
                                            If, however, one or both of the competent authorities send the notification referred to in subparagraph b) of paragraph 7 [
                                            <i>of Article 19 of the MLI</i>
                                            ], such notification shall be treated as a request for additional information under subparagraph b) of paragraph 6 [
                                            <i>of Article 19 of the MLI</i>
                                            ].
                                        </p>
                                        <p>
                                            10. The competent authorities of the [
                                            <i>Contracting States</i>
                                            ] shall by mutual agreement pursuant to [
                                            <i>Article 28 of the Convention</i>
                                            ] settle the mode of application of the provisions contained in [
                                            <i>Part VI of the MLI</i>
                                            ], including the minimum information necessary for each competent authority to undertake substantive consideration of the case. Such an agreement shall be concluded before the date on which unresolved issues in a case are first eligible to be submitted to arbitration and may be modified from time to time thereafter.
                                        </p>
                                        <p>
                                            12. [
                                            <i>Notwithstanding</i>
                                            ] the other provisions of [
                                            <i>Article 19 of the MLI</i>
                                            ]:
                                        </p>
                                        <p>
                                            a) any unresolved issue arising from a mutual agreement procedure case otherwise within the scope of the arbitration process provided for by [
                                            <i>the MLI</i>
                                            ] shall not be submitted to arbitration, if a decision on this issue has already been rendered by a court or administrative tribunal of either [
                                            <i>Contracting State</i>
                                            ];
                                        </p>
                                        <p>
                                            b) if, at any time after a request for arbitration has been made and before the arbitration panel has delivered its decision to the competent authorities of the [
                                            <i>Contracting States</i>
                                            ], a decision concerning the issue is rendered by a court or administrative tribunal of one of the [
                                            <i>Contracting States</i>
                                            ], the arbitration process shall terminate.
                                        </p>
                                    </content>
                                </article>
                                <article>
                                    <num>Article 20 (Appointment of Arbitrators) of the MLI</num>
                                    <content>
                                        <p>
                                            1. Except to the extent that the competent authorities of the [
                                            <i>Contracting States</i>
                                            ] mutually agree on different rules, paragraphs 2 through 4 [
                                            <i>of Article 20 of the MLI</i>
                                            ] shall apply for the purposes of [
                                            <i>Part VI of the MLI</i>
                                            ].
                                        </p>
                                        <p>2. The following rules shall govern the appointment of the members of an arbitration panel:</p>
                                        <p>a) The arbitration panel shall consist of three individual members with expertise or experience in international tax matters.</p>
                                        <p>
                                            b) Each competent authority shall appoint one panel member within 60 days of the date of the request for arbitration under paragraph 1 of Article 19 [
                                            <i>of the MLI</i>
                                            ]. The two panel members so appointed shall, within 60 days of the latter of their appointments, appoint a third member who shall serve as Chair of the arbitration panel. The Chair shall not be a national or resident of either [
                                            <i>Contracting State</i>
                                            ].
                                        </p>
                                        <p>
                                            c) Each member appointed to the arbitration panel must be impartial and independent of the competent authorities, tax administrations, and ministries of finance of the  [
                                            <i>Contracting States</i>
                                            ] and of all persons directly affected by the case (as well as their advisors) at the time of accepting an appointment, maintain his or her impartiality and independence throughout the proceedings, and avoid any conduct for a reasonable period of time thereafter which may damage the appearance of impartiality and independence of the arbitrators with respect to the proceedings.
                                        </p>
                                        <p>
                                            3. In the event that the competent authority of a [
                                            <i>Contracting State</i>
                                            ] fails to appoint a member of the arbitration panel in the manner and within the time periods specified in paragraph 2 [
                                            <i>of Article 20 of the MLI</i>
                                            ] or agreed to by the competent authorities of the [
                                            <i>Contracting States</i>
                                            ], a member shall be appointed on behalf of that competent authority by the highest ranking official of the Centre for Tax Policy and Administration of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development that is not a national of either [
                                            <i>Contracting State</i>
                                            ].
                                        </p>
                                        <p>
                                            4. If the two initial members of the arbitration panel fail to appoint the Chair in the manner and within the time periods specified in paragraph 2 [
                                            <i>of Article 20 of the MLI</i>
                                            ] or agreed to by the competent authorities of the  [
                                            <i>Contracting States</i>
                                            ], the Chair shall be appointed by the highest ranking official of the Centre for Tax Policy and Administration of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development that is not a national of either [
                                            <i>Contracting State</i>
                                            ].
                                        </p>
                                    </content>
                                </article>
                                <article>
                                    <num>Article 21 (Confidentiality of Arbitration Proceedings) of the MLI</num>
                                    <content>
                                        <p>
                                            1. Solely for the purposes of the application of the provisions of  [
                                            <i>Part VI of the MLI</i>
                                            ] and of the provisions of the [
                                            <i>the Convention</i>
                                            ] and of the domestic laws of the [
                                            <i>Contracting States</i>
                                            ] related to the exchange of information, confidentiality, and administrative assistance, members of the arbitration panel and a maximum of three staff per member (and prospective arbitrators solely to the extent necessary to verify their ability to fulfil the requirements of arbitrators) shall be considered to be persons or authorities to whom information may be disclosed. Information received by the arbitration panel or prospective arbitrators and information that the competent authorities receive from the arbitration panel shall be considered information that is exchanged under the provisions of [
                                            <i>the Convention</i>
                                            ] related to the exchange of information and administrative assistance.
                                        </p>
                                        <p>
                                            2. The competent authorities of the [
                                            <i>Contracting States</i>
                                            ] shall ensure that members of the arbitration panel and their staff agree in writing, prior to their acting in an arbitration proceeding, to treat any information relating to the arbitration proceeding consistently with the confidentiality and nondisclosure obligations described in the provisions of the [
                                            <i>the Convention</i>
                                            ] related to exchange of information and administrative assistance and under the applicable laws of the [
                                            <i>Contracting States</i>
                                            ].
                                        </p>
                                    </content>
                                </article>
                                <article>
                                    <num>Article 22 (Resolution of a Case Prior to the Conclusion of the Arbitration) of the MLI</num>
                                    <content>
                                        <p>
                                            For the purposes of [
                                            <i>Part VI of the MLI</i>
                                            ] and the provisions of  [
                                            <i>the Convention</i>
                                            ] that provide for resolution of cases through mutual agreement, the mutual agreement procedure, as well as the arbitration proceeding, with respect to a case shall terminate if, at any time after a request for arbitration has been made and before the arbitration panel has delivered its decision to the competent authorities of the [
                                            <i>Contracting States</i>
                                            ]:
                                        </p>
                                        <p>
                                            a) the competent authorities of the [
                                            <i>Contracting States</i>
                                            ] reach a mutual agreement to resolve the case; or
                                        </p>
                                        <p>b) the person who presented the case withdraws the request for arbitration or the request for a mutual agreement procedure.</p>
                                    </content>
                                </article>
                                <article>
                                    <num>Article 23 (Type of Arbitration Process) of the MLI</num>
                                    <content>
                                        <p>
                                            1. Except to the extent that the competent authorities of the [
                                            <i>Contracting States</i>
                                            ] mutually agree on different rules, the following rules shall apply with respect to an arbitration proceeding pursuant to [
                                            <i>Part VI of the MLI</i>
                                            ]:
                                        </p>
                                        <p>
                                            a) After a case is submitted to arbitration, the competent authority of each [
                                            <i>Contracting State</i>
                                            ] shall submit to the arbitration panel, by a date set by agreement, a proposed resolution which addresses all unresolved issue(s) in the case (taking into account all agreements previously reached in that case between the competent authorities of the [
                                            <i>Contracting States</i>
                                            ]). The proposed resolution shall be limited to a disposition of specific monetary amounts (for example, of income or expense) or, where specified, the maximum rate of tax charged pursuant to [
                                            <i>the Convention</i>
                                            ], for each adjustment or similar issue in the case. In a case in which the competent authorities of the [
                                            <i>Contracting States</i>
                                            ] have been unable to reach agreement on an issue regarding the conditions for application of a provision of [
                                            <i>the Convention</i>
                                            ] (hereinafter referred to as a “threshold question”), such as whether an individual is a resident or whether a permanent establishment exists, the competent authorities may submit alternative proposed resolutions with respect to issues the determination of which is contingent on resolution of such threshold questions.
                                        </p>
                                        <p>
                                            b) The competent authority of each [
                                            <i>Contracting State</i>
                                            ] may also submit a supporting position paper for consideration by the arbitration panel. Each competent authority that submits a proposed resolution or supporting position paper shall provide a copy to the other competent authority by the date on which the proposed resolution and supporting position paper were due. Each competent authority may also submit to the arbitration panel, by a date set by agreement, a reply submission with respect to the proposed resolution and supporting position paper submitted by the other competent authority. A copy of any reply submission shall be provided to the other competent authority by the date on which the reply submission was due.
                                        </p>
                                        <p>
                                            c) The arbitration panel shall select as its decision one of the proposed resolutions for the case submitted by the competent authorities with respect to each issue and any threshold questions, and shall not include a rationale or any other explanation of the decision. The arbitration decision will be adopted by a simple majority of the panel members. The arbitration panel shall deliver its decision in writing to the competent authorities of the [
                                            <i>Contracting States</i>
                                            ]. The arbitration decision shall have no precedential value.
                                        </p>
                                        <p>
                                            5. Prior to the beginning of arbitration proceedings, the competent authorities of the [
                                            <i>Contracting States</i>
                                            ] shall ensure that each person that presented the case and their advisors agree in writing not to disclose to any other person any information received during the course of the arbitration proceedings from either competent authority or the arbitration panel. The mutual agreement procedure under [
                                            <i>the Convention</i>
                                            ], as well as the arbitration proceeding under [
                                            <i>Part VI of the MLI</i>
                                            ], with respect to the case shall terminate if, at any time after a request for arbitration has been made and before the arbitration panel has delivered its decision to the competent authorities of the [
                                            <i>Contracting States</i>
                                            ], a person that presented the case or one of that person’s advisors materially breaches that agreement.
                                        </p>
                                    </content>
                                </article>
                                <article>
                                    <num>Article 24 (Agreement on a Different Resolution) of the MLI</num>
                                    <content>
                                        <p>
                                            2. Notwithstanding paragraph 4 of Article 19 [
                                            <i>of the MLI</i>
                                            ], an arbitration decision pursuant to [
                                            <i>Part VI of the MLI</i>
                                            ] shall not be binding on the [
                                            <i>Contracting States</i>
                                            ] and shall not be implemented if the competent authorities of the [
                                            <i>Contracting States</i>
                                            ] agree on a different resolution of all unresolved issues within three calendar months after the arbitration decision has been delivered to them.
                                        </p>
                                    </content>
                                </article>
                                <article>
                                    <num>Article 25 (Costs of Arbitration Proceedings) of the MLI</num>
                                    <content>
                                        <p>
                                            In an arbitration proceeding under [
                                            <i>Part VI of the MLI</i>
                                            ], the fees and expenses of the members of the arbitration panel, as well as any costs incurred in connection with the arbitration proceedings by the [
                                            <i>Contracting States</i>
                                            ], shall be borne by the [
                                            <i>Contracting States</i>
                                            ] in a manner to be settled by mutual agreement between the competent authorities of the [
                                            <i>Contracting States</i>
                                            ]. In the absence of such agreement, each [
                                            <i>Contracting State</i>
                                            ] shall bear its own expenses and those of its appointed panel member. The cost of the chair of the arbitration panel and other expenses associated with the conduct of the arbitration proceedings shall be borne by the [
                                            <i>Contracting States</i>
                                            ] in equal shares.
                                        </p>
                                    </content>
                                </article>
                                <article>
                                    <num>Article 26 (Compatibility) of the MLI</num>
                                    <content>
                                        <p>
                                            2. Any unresolved issue arising from a mutual agreement procedure case otherwise within the scope of the arbitration process provided for in [
                                            <i>Part VI of the MLI</i>
                                            ] shall not be submitted to arbitration if the issue falls within the scope of a case with respect to which an arbitration panel or similar body has previously been set up in accordance with a bilateral or multilateral convention that provides for mandatory binding arbitration of unresolved issues arising from a mutual agreement procedure case.
                                        </p>
                                        <p>
                                            3. [
                                            <i>Nothing</i>
                                            ] in [
                                            <i>Part VI of the MLI</i>
                                            ] shall affect the fulfilment of wider obligations with respect to the arbitration of unresolved issues arising in the context of a mutual agreement procedure resulting from other conventions to which the [
                                            <i>Contracting States</i>
                                            ] are or will become parties.
                                        </p>
                                    </content>
                                </article>
                                <article>
                                    <num>Subparagraph a) of paragraph 2 of Article 28 (Cases eligible to arbitration) of the MLI</num>
                                    <content>
                                        <p>
                                            <i>Pursuant to subparagraph a) of paragraph 2 of Article 28 of the MLI, Republic of Finland formulates the following reservations with respect to the scope of cases that shall be eligible for arbitration under the provisions of Part VI of the MLI:</i>
                                        </p>
                                        <p>
                                            1. Finland reserves the right to exclude from the scope of [
                                            <i>Part VI of the MLI</i>
                                            ] cases involving the application of domestic anti-avoidance rules of either [
                                            <i>Contracting State</i>
                                            ]. For this purpose, Finland's domestic anti-avoidance rules shall include Act on Assessment Procedure (verotusmenettelystä annettu laki (1558/1995)) sections 27 - 30, Act on the Taxation of Business Profits and Income from Professional Activities (elinkeinotulon verottamisesta annettu laki (360/1968)) section 6 a, subsection 9 and section 52 h and Act on the Taxation of Shareholders in Controlled Foreign Companies (ulkomaisten väliyhteisöjen osakkaiden verotuksesta annetun laki (1217/1994)). Any subsequent provisions replacing, amending or updating these anti-avoidance rules would also be included in this reservation. Finland shall notify the Depositary of any such subsequent provisions.
                                        </p>
                                        <p>
                                            2. Finland reserves the right to exclude from the scope of [
                                            <i>Part VI of the MLI</i>
                                            ] cases involving conduct for which the taxpayer or a person acting on the taxpayer’s behalf has been found guilty by a court of tax fraud or other tax related criminal offence in either [
                                            <i>Contracting State</i>
                                            ]. For this purpose, Finland's domestic rules shall include the Criminal Code (rikoslaki (39/1889)) chapter 29 sections 1-4. Any subsequent provisions replacing, amending or updating these rules would also be included in this reservation. Finland shall notify the Depositary of any such subsequent provisions.
                                        </p>
                                        <p>
                                            3. Finland reserves the right to exclude from the scope of [
                                            <i>Part VI of the MLI</i>
                                            ] cases concerning items of income or capital where there is no double taxation. Double taxation means that both [
                                            <i>Contracting States</i>
                                            ] have imposed taxes in respect of the same taxable income or capital giving rise to either additional tax charge, increase in tax liabilities or cancellation or reduction of losses, which could be used to offset taxable profits.
                                        </p>
                                        <p>
                                            4. Finland reserves the right to exclude from the scope of [
                                            <i>Part VI of the MLI</i>
                                            ]:
                                        </p>
                                        <p>a) with respect to taxes withheld at source on amounts paid or credited to non-residents, cases which concern taxable events giving rise to such taxes that occur before the reference date;</p>
                                        <p>b) with respect to all other taxes, cases which concern taxes levied with respect to taxable periods that begin before the reference date.</p>
                                        <p>For the purposes of this reservation, “the reference date” is the latest of:</p>
                                        <p>
                                            i) the date of entry into effect of [
                                            <i>the MLI</i>
                                            ] in both [
                                            <i>Contracting States</i>
                                            ] with respect to such taxes;
                                        </p>
                                        <p>
                                            ii) the first day of January of the calendar year next following the expiration of a period of six calendar months beginning on the date of the communication by the Depositary of the latest definitive reservation withdrawal or notification which results in the application of [
                                            <i>Part VI of the MLI</i>
                                            ] between both [
                                            <i>Contracting States</i>
                                            ]; and
                                        </p>
                                        <p>
                                            iii) where the case is a type of case that would be potentially eligible for arbitration as a result of the withdrawal, subsequent to the entry into effect of [
                                            <i>Part VI of the MLI</i>
                                            ] as between both [
                                            <i>Contracting States</i>
                                            ], of [
                                            <i>Contracting State´s</i>
                                            ]  reservation made pursuant to Article 28(2) or Article 19(12) [
                                            <i>of the MLI</i>
                                            ], the first day of January of the calendar year next following the expiration of a period of six calendar months beginning on the date of the communication of the Depositary of the withdrawal of the reservation.
                                        </p>
                                        <p>
                                            5. Finland reserves the right to exclude from the scope of [
                                            <i>Part VI of the MLI</i>
                                            ] all cases where an application has been filed under the Convention on the Elimination of Double Taxation in Connection with the Adjustment of Profits of Associated Enterprises (90/436/EEC) - as amended, or under other instruments agreed by the member states of the European Union or under domestic rules which implement such instruments.
                                        </p>
                                    </content>
                                </article>
                            </chapter>
                        </embeddedStructure>
                    </p>
                </content>
            </article>
            <article eId="art_29">
                <num>Article 29</num>
                <heading>Exchange of Information</heading>
                <content>
                    <p>
                        The competent authorities of the Contracting States shall exchange such information (being information which is at their disposal under their respective taxation laws in the normal course of administration) as is necessary for carrying out the provisions of this Convention or for the prevention of fraud or the administration of statutory provisions against legal avoidance in relation to the taxes which are the subject of this Convention. Any information so exchanged shall be treated as secret but may be disclosed to persons (including a court or administrative body) concerned with assessment, collection, enforcement or prosecution in respect of taxes which are the subject of this Convention. No information shall be exchanged which would disclose any trade, business, industrial or professional secret or any trade process. (<a href="/akn/fi/doc/treaty/1997/63">Sops 62–63/1997</a>)
                    </p>
                </content>
            </article>
            <article eId="art_30">
                <num>Article 30</num>
                <heading>Territorial Extension</heading>
                <content>
                    <p>(1) This Convention may be extended, either in its entirety or with modifications, to any territory for whose international relations either Contracting Party is responsible and which imposes taxes substantially similar in character to those to which this Convention applies. Any such extension shall take effect from such date and subject to such modifications and conditions, including conditions as to termination, as may be specified and agreed between the Contracting States in notes to be exchanged through diplomatic channels.</p>
                    <p>(2) Unless otherwise agreed by both Contracting States, the termination of this Convention shall terminate the application of this Convention to any territory to which it has been extended under the provisions of this Article.</p>
                </content>
            </article>
            <article eId="art_30A">
                <num>Article 30 A (SopS 7–8/1987)</num>
                <heading>Miscellaneous rules applicable to certain offshore activities</heading>
                <content>
                    <p>(1) The provisions of this Article shall apply notwithstanding any other provision of this Convention where activities are carried on offshore (in this Article called "offshore activities") in connection with the exploration or exploitation of the sea bed and sub-soil and their natural resources situated in a Contracting State.</p>
                    <p>(2) An enterprise of a Contracting State which carries on offshore activities in the other Contracting State shall, subject to paragraphs (3) and (5) of this Article, be deemed to be carrying on business in that other State through a permanent establishment situated therein.</p>
                    <p>(3) The provisions of paragraph (2) of this Article shall not apply where the offshore activities are carried on in the other Contracting State for a period or periods not exceeding in the aggregate 30 days in any twelve-month period. For the purpose of this paragraph:</p>
                    <p>(a) where an enterprise of a Contracting State carrying on offshore activities in the other Contracting State is associated with another enterprise carrying on substantially similar offshore activities there, the former enterprise shall be deemed to be carrying on all such activities of the latter enterprise, except to the extent that those activities are carried on at the same time as its own activities;</p>
                    <p>(b) an enterprise shall be regarded as associated with another enterprise if one participates directly or indirectly in the management, control or capital of the other or if the same persons participate directly or indirectly in the management, control or capital of both enterprises.</p>
                    <p>(4) A resident of a Contracting State who carries on offshore activities in the other Contracting State, which consist of professional services or other independent activities of a similar character, shall be deemed to be performing those activities from a fixed base in that other State. However, income derived by a resident of a Contracting State in respect of such activities performed in the other Contracting State shall not be taxed in that other State if the activities are performed in the other State for a period or periods not exceeding in the aggregate 30 days in any twelve-month period.</p>
                    <p>(5) Profits derived by a resident of a Contracting State from the transportation of supplies or personnel by a ship or aircraft to a location where offshore activities are being carried on, or from the operation of tugboats or anchor handling vessels in connection with such activities, shall be taxable only in the Contracting State of which he is a resident.</p>
                    <p>(6) (a) Subject to sub-paragraph (b) of this paragraph, salaries, wages and other similar remuneration derived by a resident of a Contracting State in respect of an employment connected with offshore activities in the other Contracting State may, to the extent that the duties are performed offshore in that other State, be taxed in that other State.</p>
                    <p>(b) Salaries, wages and other similar remuneration derived by a resident of a Contracting State in respect of an employment exercised aboard a ship or aircraft engaged in the transportation of supplies or personnel to a location when offshore activities are being carried on in a Contracting State, or in respect of an employment exercised aboard a tugboat or anchor handling vessel in connection with such activities, may be taxed in the Contracting State of which the person deriving the profits from the operation of the ship or aircraft is a resident.</p>
                </content>
            </article>
            <p>
                <embeddedStructure class="mli-addition">
                    <p>
                        <authorialNote>
                            <p>
                                The following paragraph 1 of Article 7 of the MLI replaces paragraph 4 of Article 11 of this Convention, paragraph 6 of Article 12 of this Convention and paragraph 6 of Article 13 of this Convention:
                                <authorialNote marker="10" placement="bottom">
                                    <p>In accordance with paragraphs 1 and 3 of Article 35 of the MLI, paragraph 1 of Article 7 of the MLI has effect with respect to the application of this Convention by Republic of Finland:</p>
                                    <p>a) with respect to taxes withheld at source on amounts paid or credited to nonresidents, where the event giving rise to such taxes occurs on or after 1 January 2020; and</p>
                                    <p>b) with respect to all other taxes levied by Republic of Finland, for taxes levied with respect to taxable periods beginning on or after 1 January 2020;</p>
                                    <p>and,</p>
                                    <p>In accordance with paragraph 1 of Article 35 of the MLI, paragraph 1 of Article 7 of the MLI has effect with respect to the application of the Convention by the United Kingdom:</p>
                                    <p>a) with respect to taxes withheld at source on amounts paid or credited to nonresidents, where the event giving rise to such taxes occurs on or after 1 January 2020; and</p>
                                    <p>b) with respect to corporation tax levied by United Kingdom from 1 April 2020 and with respect to income tax and capital gains tax levied by the United Kingdom from 6 April 2020.</p>
                                </authorialNote>
                            </p>
                        </authorialNote>
                    </p>
                    <article>
                        <num>ARTICLE 7 OF THE MLI – PREVENTION OF TREATY ABUSE (Principal purposes test provision)</num>
                        <content>
                            <p>
                                Notwithstanding any provisions of [
                                <i>the Convention</i>
                                ], a benefit under [
                                <i>the Convention</i>
                                ] shall not be granted in respect of an item of income or capital if it is reasonable to conclude, having regard to all relevant facts and circumstances, that obtaining that benefit was one of the principal purposes of any arrangement or transaction that resulted directly or indirectly in that benefit, unless it is established that granting that benefit in these circumstances would be in accordance with the object and purpose of the relevant provisions of [
                                <i>the Convention</i>
                                ].
                            </p>
                        </content>
                    </article>
                </embeddedStructure>
            </p>
            <article eId="art_31">
                <num>Article 31</num>
                <heading>Entry Into Force</heading>
                <content>
                    <p>(1) This Convention shall be ratified and the instruments of ratification shall be exchanged at Helsinki as soon as possible.</p>
                    <p>(2) The Convention shall enter into force after the expiration of thirty days following the date on which the instruments of ratification are exchanged and shall thereupon have effect:</p>
                    <p>(a) in the United Kingdom:</p>
                    <p>(i) as respects income tax (including surtax) and capital gains tax, for any year of assessment beginning on or after 6th April, 1968; and</p>
                    <p>(ii) as respects corporation tax, for any financial year beginning on or after 1st April, 1968;</p>
                    <p>(b) in Finland:</p>
                    <p>as respects Finnish taxes for any year of assessment beginning on or after 1st January, 1969, and chargeable on the income or capital of the tax year 1968 or thereafter.</p>
                    <p>(3) Subject to the provisions of paragraph (4) of this Article the Convention between the Government of Finland and the Government of the United Kingdom for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and the Prevention of Fiscal Evasion with respect to Taxes on Income signed at London on 12th December, 1951, as amended by the Protocol signed at London on 16th June, 1966 (hereinafter referred to as "the 1951 Convention"), shall cease to have effect as respects taxes to which this Convention in accordance with the provisions of paragraph (2) of this Article applies.</p>
                    <p>(4) Subject to the provisions of paragraph (5) of this Article where any provision of the 1951 Convention would have afforded any greater relief from tax any such provision as aforesaid shall continue to have effect for any year of assessment or financial year or tax year beginning before the entry into force of this Convention.</p>
                    <p>(5) The provisions of sub-paragraphs (a) and (b) of paragraph (2) of this Article, of paragraph (3) of this Article and of paragraph (4) of this Article shall not apply in relation to dividends but the provisions of this Convention shall have effect, and the provisions of the 1951 Convention shall cease to be effective, in relation to dividends payable on or after the date of entry into force of this Convention.</p>
                    <p>
                        (6) The 1951 Convention shall terminate on the last date on which it has effect in accordance with the foregoing provisions of this Article. (<a href="/akn/fi/doc/treaty/1992/2">SopS 1–2/1992</a>)
                    </p>
                </content>
            </article>
            <article eId="art_32">
                <num>Article 32</num>
                <heading>Termination</heading>
                <content>
                    <p>This Convention shall remain in force until denounced by one of the Contracting States. Either Contracting State may denounce the Convention, through diplomatic channels, by giving notice of termination at least six months before the end of any calendar year after the year 1972. In such event, the Convention shall cease to have effect:</p>
                    <p>(a) in the United Kingdom:</p>
                    <p>(i) as respects income tax (including surtax) and capital gains tax, for any year of assessment beginning on or after 6th April in the calendar year next following that in which the notice is given; </p>
                    <p>(ii) as respects corporation tax, for any financial year beginning on or after 1st April in the calendar year next following that in which the notice is given;</p>
                    <p>(b) in Finland:</p>
                    <p>as respects Finnish tax for any tax year beginning on or after 1st January in the calendar year next following that in which the notice is given.</p>
                    <p>In witness whereof the undersigned, duly authorised thereto by their respective Governments, have signed this Convention.</p>
                    <p>Done in duplicate at London this 17th day of July, 1969, in the Finnish and English languages, both texts being equally authoritative.</p>
                </content>
            </article>
        </mainBody>
    </doc>
</akomaNtoso>
