<akomaNtoso xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" xmlns:finlex="http://data.finlex.fi/schema/finlex">
    <doc name="main">
        <meta>
            <identification source="#organization_fi.finlex">
                <FRBRWork>
                    <FRBRthis value="/akn/fi/doc/tax-treaty-consolidated/2010/21/!main"/>
                    <FRBRuri value="/akn/fi/doc/tax-treaty-consolidated/2010/21"/>
                    <FRBRdate date="2010-02-19" name="dateIssued"/>
                    <FRBRauthor as="#role_author" href="#organization_fi.ministry-of-finance"/>
                    <FRBRcountry value="fi"/>
                    <FRBRsubtype value="tax-treaty-consolidated"/>
                    <FRBRnumber value="21"/>
                </FRBRWork>
                <FRBRExpression>
                    <FRBRthis value="/akn/fi/doc/tax-treaty-consolidated/2010/21/eng@/!main"/>
                    <FRBRuri value="/akn/fi/doc/tax-treaty-consolidated/2010/21/eng@"/>
                    <FRBRdate date="2010-02-19" name="dateIssued"/>
                    <FRBRauthor as="#role_author" href="#organization_fi.ministry-of-finance"/>
                    <FRBRlanguage language="eng"/>
                </FRBRExpression>
                <FRBRManifestation>
                    <FRBRthis value="/akn/fi/doc/tax-treaty-consolidated/2010/21/eng@/!main.xml"/>
                    <FRBRuri value="/akn/fi/doc/tax-treaty-consolidated/2010/21/eng@.akn"/>
                    <FRBRdate date="2026-04-28" name="dateProduced"/>
                    <FRBRauthor as="#role_editor" href="#organization_fi.finlex"/>
                    <FRBRformat value="xml"/>
                </FRBRManifestation>
            </identification>
            <references source="#organization_fi.finlex">
                <TLCOrganization eId="organization_fi.finlex" href="/akn/ontology/organization/fi.finlex" showAs="Finlex"/>
                <TLCRole eId="role_author" href="/akn/ontology/role/author" showAs="Tekijä"/>
                <TLCRole eId="role_editor" href="/akn/ontology/role/editor" showAs="Toimittaja"/>
                <TLCOrganization eId="organization_fi.ministry-of-finance" href="/akn/ontology/organization/fi.ministry-of-finance" showAs="Ministry of Finance"/>
            </references>
            <proprietary source="#organization_fi.finlex">
                <finlex:documentYear>2010</finlex:documentYear>
                <finlex:broughtIntoForceBy>
                    <finlex:treatyReference>
                        <finlex:ref href="/akn/fi/doc/treaty/2010/21"/>
                    </finlex:treatyReference>
                    <finlex:treatyReference>
                        <finlex:ref href="/akn/fi/doc/treaty/2010/20"/>
                    </finlex:treatyReference>
                </finlex:broughtIntoForceBy>
                <finlex:amendedBy>
                    <finlex:treatyReference>
                        <finlex:ref href="/akn/fi/doc/treaty/2019/41"/>
                    </finlex:treatyReference>
                </finlex:amendedBy>
                <finlex:treatyParty code="pl">Puola</finlex:treatyParty>
                <finlex:isSynthesised>true</finlex:isSynthesised>
            </proprietary>
        </meta>
        <preface>
            <p>
                <docNumber>20-21/2010</docNumber>
                <docTitle>Convention between the Republic of Finland and the Republic of Poland for the avoidance of double taxation and the prevention of fiscal evasion with respect to taxes on income</docTitle>
            </p>
        </preface>
        <preamble>
            <p>
                <embeddedStructure class="mli-addition">
                    <tblock>
                        <heading>SYNTHESISED TEXT OF THE MLI AND THE CONVENTION BETWEEN THE REPUBLIC OF FINLAND AND THE REPUBLIC OF POLAND FOR THE AVOIDANCE OF DOUBLE TAXATION AND THE PREVENTION OF FISCAL EVASION WITH RESPECT TO TAXES ON INCOME</heading>
                        <p>This document presents the synthesised text for the application of the Convention between the Republic of Finland and the Republic of Poland for the avoidance of double taxation and the prevention of fiscal evasion with respect to taxes on income signed on 8 June 2009 (the “Convention”), as modified by the Multilateral Convention to Implement Tax Treaty Related Measures to Prevent Base Erosion and Profit Shifting signed by Republic of Finland and by Republic of Poland on 7 June 2017 (the “MLI”).</p>
                        <p>This document was prepared in consultation with the competent authority of Poland and represents the shared understanding of the modifications made to the Convention by the MLI.</p>
                        <p>The document was prepared on the basis of the MLI position of Republic of Finland
            submitted to the Depositary upon acceptance on 25 February 2019 and of the MLI position
            of Republic of Poland submitted to the Depositary upon ratification on 23 January 2018.
            These MLI positions are subject to modifications as provided in the MLI. Modifications
            made to MLI positions could modify the effects of the MLI on this Convention. The
            document also contains the modifications resulting from the withdrawal of the
            reservation made by the Republic of Finland to Article 9 of the MLI (consolidated MLI
            position of the Republic of Finland on 27 June 2023).</p>
                        <p>The authentic legal texts of the Convention and the MLI take precedence and remain the legal texts applicable.</p>
                        <p>The provisions of the MLI that are applicable with respect to the provisions of the Convention are included in boxes throughout the text of this document in the context of the relevant provisions of the Convention. The boxes containing the provisions of the MLI have generally been inserted in accordance with the ordering of the provisions of the 2017 OECD Model Tax Convention.</p>
                        <p>Changes to the text of the provisions of the MLI have been made to conform the terminology used in the MLI to the terminology used in the Convention (such as “Covered Tax Agreement” and “Convention”, “Contracting Jurisdictions” and “Contracting States”), to ease the comprehension of the provisions of the MLI. The changes in terminology are intended to increase the readability of the document and are not intended to change the substance of the provisions of the MLI. </p>
                        <p>In all cases, references made to the provisions of the Convention or to the Convention must be understood as referring to the Convention as modified by the provisions of the MLI, provided such provisions of the MLI have taken effect.</p>
                        <p>
                            <b>Entry into Effect of the MLI Provisions</b>
                        </p>
                        <p>The provisions of the MLI applicable to this Convention do not take effect on the same dates as the original provisions of the Convention. Each of provisions of the MLI could take effect on different dates, depending on the types of taxes involved (taxes withheld at source or other taxes levied) and on the choices made by Republic of Finland and Republic of Poland in their MLI positions.</p>
                        <p>Dates of the deposit of instruments of ratification, acceptance or approval: 25 February 2019 for Republic of Finland and 23 January 2018 for Republic of Poland.</p>
                        <p>Entry into force of the MLI: 1 June 2019 for Republic of Finland and 1 July 2018 for Republic of Poland.</p>
                        <p>This document provides specific information on the dates on or after which each of the provisions of the MLI has effect with respect to the Convention throughout this document.</p>
                        <p>
                            <b>References</b>
                        </p>
                        <p>The authentic legal texts of the MLI can be found on the MLI Depositary (OECD) webpage:</p>
                        <ul>
                            <li>
                                - in English: 
                                <a href="http://www.oecd.org/tax/treaties/multilateral-convention-to-implement-tax-treaty-related-measures-to-prevent-BEPS.pdf">http://www.oecd.org/tax/treaties/multilateral-convention-to-implement-tax-treaty-related-measures-to-prevent-BEPS.pdf</a>; and
                            </li>
                            <li>
                                - in French: 
                                <a href="http://www.oecd.org/fr/fiscalite/conventions/convention-multilaterale-pour-la-mise-en-oeuvre-des-mesures-relatives-aux-conventions-fiscales-pour-prevenir-le-BEPS.pdf">http://www.oecd.org/fr/fiscalite/conventions/convention-multilaterale-pour-la-mise-en-oeuvre-des-mesures-relatives-aux-conventions-fiscales-pour-prevenir-le-BEPS.pdf</a>.
                            </li>
                        </ul>
                        <p>
                            The MLI position of Republic of Finland submitted to the Depositary upon
            acceptance on 25 February 2019, the consolidated MLI position of the Republic of Finland
            submitted to the Depositary on 27 June 2023 and the MLI position of Republic of Poland
            submitted to the Depositary upon ratification on 23 January 2018 can be found on the MLI
            Depositary (OECD) webpage:
                            <a href="http://www.oecd.org/tax/treaties/beps-mli-signatories-and-parties.pdf">http://www.oecd.org/tax/treaties/beps-mli-signatories-and-parties.pdf</a>
                        </p>
                        <p>
                            The MLI Matching Database is publicly available on the OECD webpage: 
                            <a href="http://www.oecd.org/tax/treaties/mli-matching-database.htm">http://www.oecd.org/tax/treaties/mli-matching-database.htm</a>
                        </p>
                        <p>
                            The Act on Multilateral Convention to Implement Tax Treaty Related Measures to Prevent Base Erosion and Profit Shifting is published in Statute Book of Finland 231/2019. Link to Finnish language version 
                            <a href="https://www.finlex.fi/fi/laki/alkup/2019/20190231">https://www.finlex.fi/fi/laki/alkup/2019/20190231</a>
                             Link to Swedish language version 
                            <a href="https://www.finlex.fi/sv/laki/alkup/2019/20190231">https://www.finlex.fi/sv/laki/alkup/2019/20190231</a>
                        </p>
                        <p>
                            The Government´s Statute on the entry into force of the MLI and the Act and the Finnish text (translation) of the MLI is published in the Treaty Series of the Statute Book of Finland  SopS 21-22/2019. Links to Finnish language versions 
                            <a href="https://www.finlex.fi/fi/sopimukset/sopsteksti/2019/20190021">https://www.finlex.fi/fi/sopimukset/sopsteksti/2019/20190021</a>
                             and 
                            <a href="https://www.finlex.fi/fi/sopimukset/sopsteksti/2019/20190022">https://www.finlex.fi/fi/sopimukset/sopsteksti/2019/20190022</a>
                             Links to Swedish language versions 
                            <a href="https://finlex.fi/sv/sopimukset/sopimussarja/2019/fds20190021.pdf">https://finlex.fi/sv/sopimukset/sopimussarja/2019/fds20190021.pdf</a>
                             and 
                            <a href="https://finlex.fi/sv/sopimukset/sopimussarja/2019/fds20190022.pdf">https://finlex.fi/sv/sopimukset/sopimussarja/2019/fds20190022.pdf</a>
                        </p>
                        <p>
                            The Announcement of the Ministry of Finance on withdrawal of reservation made to
            Article 9 of the MLI and on additional notifications is published in the Treaty Series
            of the Statute Book of Finland SopS 48/2023. Link to Finnish language version
                            <a href="https://finlex.fi/fi/sopimukset/sopsteksti/2023/20230048/20230048_1">https://finlex.fi/fi/sopimukset/sopsteksti/2023/20230048/20230048_1</a>
                                        Link to Swedish language version
                            <a href="https://finlex.fi/sv/sopimukset/sopimussarja/2023/fds20230048.pdf">https://finlex.fi/sv/sopimukset/sopimussarja/2023/fds20230048.pdf</a>
                        </p>
                        <p>
                            The Announcement of the Ministry of Finance on the entry into force of the MLI in Poland is published in the Treaty Series of the Statue Book of Finland  SopS 41/2019.Link to Finnish language version 
                            <a href="https://www.finlex.fi/fi/sopimukset/sopsteksti/2019/20190041">https://www.finlex.fi/fi/sopimukset/sopsteksti/2019/20190041</a>
                             Link to Swedish language version 
                            <a href="https://finlex.fi/sv/sopimukset/sopimussarja/2019/fds20190041.pdf">https://finlex.fi/sv/sopimukset/sopimussarja/2019/fds20190041.pdf</a>
                        </p>
                        <p>
                            The Convention between the Republic of Finland and the Republic of Poland for the avoidance of double taxation and the prevention of fiscal evasion with respect to taxes on income signed at Helsinki on 8 June 2009 is published in the Treaty Series of the Statue Book of Finland SopS 21/2010. Link to Finnish language version 
                            <a href="https://www.finlex.fi/fi/sopimukset/sopsteksti/2010/20100021">https://www.finlex.fi/fi/sopimukset/sopsteksti/2010/20100021</a>
                             Link to Swedish language version 
                            <a href="https://finlex.fi/sv/sopimukset/sopimussarja/2010/20100006.pdf">https://finlex.fi/sv/sopimukset/sopimussarja/2010/20100006.pdf</a>
                        </p>
                    </tblock>
                </embeddedStructure>
            </p>
            <p class="title">Convention between the Republic of Finland and the Republic of Poland for the avoidance of double taxation and the prevention of fiscal evasion with respect to taxes on income</p>
            <tblock class="noteEditorial" eId="note_1" finlex:outline="huomautus">
                <p>
                    See changes and notifications to the agreement from 
                    <a href="https://www.edilex.fi/valtiosopimukset/20100021">the Finnish version</a>.
                </p>
            </tblock>
            <p>The Republic of Finland and the Republic of Poland</p>
            <p>
                <embeddedStructure class="mli-replaced">
                    <p>
                        <authorialNote>
                            <p>[REPLACED by paragraph 1 of Article 6 of the MLI]</p>
                        </authorialNote>
                    </p>
                    <p>[Desiring to conclude a Convention for the avoidance of double taxation and the prevention of fiscal evasion with respect to taxes on income,]</p>
                </embeddedStructure>
            </p>
            <p>
                <embeddedStructure class="mli-replacement">
                    <p>
                        <authorialNote>
                            <p>
                                The following paragraph 1 of Article 6 of the MLI replaces the text referring
            to an intent to eliminate double taxation in the preamble of this Convention:
                                <authorialNote marker="1" placement="bottom">
                                    <p>In accordance with paragraphs 1 and 3 of Article 35 of the MLI, paragraph
                    1 of Article 6 of the MLI has effect with respect to the application of this
                    Convention by Republic of Finland:</p>
                                    <p>a) with respect to taxes withheld at source on amounts paid or credited to
                    nonresidents, where the event giving rise to such taxes occurs on or after 1
                    January 2020; and</p>
                                    <p>b) with respect to all other taxes levied by Republic of Finland, for
                    taxes levied with respect to taxable periods beginning on or after 1 January
                    2020;</p>
                                    <p>and,</p>
                                    <p>In accordance with paragraph 1 of Article 35 of the MLI, paragraph 1 of
                    Article 6 of the MLI has effect with respect to the application of the
                    Convention by Republic of Poland:</p>
                                    <p>a) with respect to taxes withheld at source on amounts paid or credited to
                    nonresidents, where the event giving rise to such taxes occurs on or after 1
                    January 2020; and</p>
                                    <p>b) with respect to all other taxes levied by Republic of Poland, for taxes
                    levied with respect to taxable periods beginning on or after 1 December
                    2019.</p>
                                </authorialNote>
                            </p>
                        </authorialNote>
                    </p>
                    <article>
                        <num>ARTICLE 6 OF THE MLI – PURPOSE OF A COVERED TAX AGREEMENT</num>
                        <content>
                            <p>
                                Intending to eliminate double taxation with respect to the taxes covered by [
                                <i>this Convention</i>
                                ] without creating opportunities for non-taxation or reduced taxation through tax evasion or avoidance (including through treaty-shopping arrangements aimed at obtaining reliefs provided in [
                                <i>the Convention</i>
                                ] for the indirect benefit of residents of third jurisdictions),
                            </p>
                        </content>
                    </article>
                </embeddedStructure>
            </p>
            <p>Have agreed as follows:</p>
        </preamble>
        <mainBody>
            <article eId="art_1">
                <num>Article 1</num>
                <heading>Persons covered</heading>
                <content>
                    <p>This Convention shall apply to persons who are residents of one or both of the Contracting States.</p>
                </content>
            </article>
            <article eId="art_2">
                <num>Article 2</num>
                <heading>Taxes covered</heading>
                <content>
                    <p>1. This Convention shall apply to taxes on income imposed on behalf of a Contracting State or of its local authorities, irrespective of the manner in which they are levied.</p>
                    <p>2. There shall be regarded as taxes on income all taxes imposed on total income, or on elements of income, including taxes on gains from the alienation of movable or immovable property, as well as taxes on capital appreciation.</p>
                    <p>3. The existing taxes to which the Convention shall apply are:</p>
                    <p>a) in Finland:</p>
                    <p>(i) the state income taxes (valtion tuloverot; de statliga inkomstskatterna);</p>
                    <p>(ii) the corporate income tax (yhteisöjen tulovero; inkomstskatten för samfund);</p>
                    <p>(iii) the communal tax (kunnallisvero; kommunalskatten);</p>
                    <p>(iv) the church tax (kirkollisvero; kyrkoskatten);</p>
                    <p>(v) the tax withheld at source from interest (korkotulon lähdevero; källskatten på ränteinkomst); and</p>
                    <p>(vi) the tax withheld at source from non residents' income (rajoitetusti verovelvollisen lähdevero; källskatten för begränsat skattskyldig); (hereinafter referred to as "Finnish tax");</p>
                    <p>b) in Poland:</p>
                    <p>(i) the personal income tax (podatek dochodowy od osób fizycznych); and</p>
                    <p>(ii) the corporate income tax (podatek dochodowy od osób prawnych) (hereinafter referred to as "Polish tax").</p>
                    <p>4. The Convention shall apply also to any identical or substantially similar taxes which are imposed after the date of signature of the Convention in addition to, or in place of, the existing taxes. The competent authorities of the Contracting States shall notify each other of any significant changes which have been made in their respective taxation laws.</p>
                </content>
            </article>
            <article eId="art_3">
                <num>Article 3</num>
                <heading>General definitions</heading>
                <content>
                    <p>1. For the purposes of this Convention, unless the context otherwise requires:</p>
                    <p>a) the term "Finland" means the Republic of Finland and, when used in a geographical sense, means the territory of the Republic of Finland, and any area adjacent to the territorial waters of the Republic of Finland within which, under the laws of Finland and in accordance with international law, the rights of Finland with respect to the exploration for and exploitation of the natural resources of the seabed and its sub soil and of the superjacent waters may be exercised;</p>
                    <p>b) the term "Poland" means the Republic of Poland and, when used in a geographical sense, means the territory of the Republic of Poland, and any area adjacent to the territorial waters of the Republic of Poland within which, under the laws of Poland and in accordance with international law, the rights of Poland with respect to the exploration and exploitation of the natural resources of the seabed and its sub-soil may be exercised;</p>
                    <p>c) the term "person" includes an individual, a company and any other body of persons;</p>
                    <p>d) the term "company" means any body corporate or any entity that is treated as a body corporate for tax purposes;</p>
                    <p>e) the term "enterprise" applies to the carrying on of any business;</p>
                    <p>f) the terms "a Contracting State" and "the other Contracting State" mean the Republic of Finland and the Republic of Poland as the context requires;</p>
                    <p>g) the terms "enterprise of a Contracting State" and "enterprise of the other Contracting State" mean respectively an enterprise carried on by a resident of a Contracting State and an enterprise carried on by a resident of the other Contracting State;</p>
                    <p>h) the term "national" in relation to a Contracting State, means:</p>
                    <p>(i) any individual possessing the nationality or citizenship of that Contracting State; and</p>
                    <p>(ii) any legal person, partnership or association deriving its status as such from the laws in force in that Contracting State;</p>
                    <p>i) the term "international traffic" means any transport by a ship or aircraft operated by an enterprise of a Contracting State, except when the ship or aircraft is operated solely between places in the other Contracting State;</p>
                    <p>j) the term "competent authority" means:</p>
                    <p>(i) in Finland, the Ministry of Finance, its authorised representative or the authority which, by the Ministry of Finance, is designated as competent authority;</p>
                    <p>(ii) in the case of Poland, the Minister of Finance or its authorised representative;</p>
                    <p>k) the term "business" includes the performance of professional services and of other activities of an independent character.</p>
                    <p>2. As regards the application of the Convention at any time by a Contracting State, any term not defined therein shall, unless the context otherwise requires, have the meaning that it has at that time under the law of that State for the purposes of the taxes to which the Convention applies, any meaning under the applicable tax laws of that State prevailing over a meaning given to the term under other laws of that State.</p>
                </content>
            </article>
            <article eId="art_4">
                <num>Article 4</num>
                <heading>Residence</heading>
                <content>
                    <p>1. For the purposes of this Convention, the term "resident of a Contracting State" means any person who, under the laws of that State, is liable to tax therein by reason of his domicile, residence, place of management, place of incorporation (registration) or any other criterion of a similar nature, and also includes that State and any statutory body or local authority thereof. This term, however, does not include any person who is liable to tax in that State in respect only of income from sources in that State.</p>
                    <p>2. Where by reason of the provisions of paragraph 1 an individual is a resident of both Contracting States, then his status shall be determined as follows:</p>
                    <p>a) he shall be deemed to be a resident only of the State in which he has a permanent home available to him; if he has a permanent home available to him in both States, he shall be deemed to be a resident only of the State with which his personal and economic relations are closer (centre of vital interests);</p>
                    <p>b) if the State in which he has his centre of vital interests cannot be determined, or if he has not a permanent home available to him in either State, he shall be deemed to be a resident only of the State in which he has an habitual abode;</p>
                    <p>c) if he has an habitual abode in both States or in neither of them, he shall be deemed to be a resident only of the State of which he is a national;</p>
                    <p>d) if he is a national of both States or of neither of them, the competent authorities of the Contracting States shall settle the question by mutual agreement.</p>
                    <p>3. Where by reason of the provisions of paragraph 1 a person other than an individual is a resident of both Contracting States, then his status shall be determined by mutual agreement of the competent authorities of the Contracting States. In such an agreement the competent authorities shall pay particular regard to where the place of effective management of the person is situated.</p>
                </content>
            </article>
            <article eId="art_5">
                <num>Article 5</num>
                <heading>Permanent establishment</heading>
                <content>
                    <p>1. For the purposes of this Convention, the term "permanent establishment" means a fixed place of business through which the business of an enterprise is wholly or partly carried on.</p>
                    <p>2. The term "permanent establishment" includes especially:</p>
                    <p>a) a place of management;</p>
                    <p>b) a branch;</p>
                    <p>c) an office;</p>
                    <p>d) a factory;</p>
                    <p>e) a workshop; and</p>
                    <p>f) a mine, an oil or gas well, a quarry or any other place of extraction of natural resources.</p>
                    <p>3. A building site or construction, assembly or installation project constitutes a permanent establishment only if it lasts more than 12 months.</p>
                    <p>4. Notwithstanding the preceding provisions of this Article, the term "permanent establishment" shall be deemed not to include:</p>
                    <p>a) the use of facilities solely for the purpose of storage, display or delivery of goods or merchandise belonging to the enterprise;</p>
                    <p>b) the maintenance of a stock of goods or merchandise belonging to the enterprise solely for the purpose of storage, display or delivery;</p>
                    <p>c) the maintenance of a stock of goods or merchandise belonging to the enterprise solely for the purpose of processing by another enterprise;</p>
                    <p>d) the maintenance of a fixed place of business solely for the purpose of purchasing goods or merchandise or of collecting information, for the enterprise;</p>
                    <p>e) the maintenance of a fixed place of business solely for the purpose of carrying on, for the enterprise, any other activity of a preparatory or auxiliary character;</p>
                    <p>f) the maintenance of a fixed place of business solely for any combination of activities mentioned in sub paragraphs a) to e), provided that the overall activity of the fixed place of business resulting from this combination is of a preparatory or auxiliary character.</p>
                    <p>5. Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraphs 1 and 2, where a person – other than an agent of an independent status to whom paragraph 6 applies – is acting on behalf of an enterprise and has, and habitually exercises, in a Contracting State an authority to conclude contracts in the name of the enterprise, that enterprise shall be deemed to have a permanent establishment in that State in respect of any activities which that person undertakes for the enterprise, unless the activities of such person are limited to those mentioned in paragraph 4 which, if exercised through a fixed place of business, would not make this fixed place of business a permanent establishment under the provisions of that paragraph.</p>
                    <p>6. An enterprise shall not be deemed to have a permanent establishment in a Contracting State merely because it carries on business in that State through a broker, general commission agent or any other agent of an independent status, provided that such persons are acting in the ordinary course of their business.</p>
                    <p>7. The fact that a company which is a resident of a Contracting State controls or is controlled by a company which is a resident of the other Contracting State, or which carries on business in that other State (whether through a permanent establishment or otherwise), shall not of itself constitute either company a permanent establishment of the other.</p>
                </content>
            </article>
            <article eId="art_6">
                <num>Article 6</num>
                <heading>Income from immovable property</heading>
                <content>
                    <p>1. Income derived by a resident of a Contracting State from immovable property (including income from agriculture or forestry) situated in the other Contracting State may be taxed in that other State.</p>
                    <p>2. The term "immovable property" shall have the meaning which it has under the law of the Contracting State in which the property in question is situated. The term shall in any case include buildings, property accessory to immovable property, livestock and equipment used in agriculture and forestry, rights to which the provisions of general law respecting landed property apply, usufruct of immovable property and rights to variable or fixed payments as consideration for the working of, or the right to work, mineral deposits, sources and other natural resources; ships and aircraft shall not be regarded as immovable property.</p>
                    <p>3. The provisions of paragraph 1 shall apply to income derived from the direct use, letting, or use in any other form of immovable property.</p>
                    <p>4. Where the ownership of shares or other corporate rights in a company entitles the owner of such shares or corporate rights to the enjoyment of immovable property held by the company, the income from the direct use, letting, or use in any other form of such right to enjoyment may be taxed in the Contracting State in which the immovable property is situated.</p>
                    <p>5. The provisions of paragraphs 1 and 3 shall also apply to the income from immovable property of an enterprise.</p>
                </content>
            </article>
            <article eId="art_7">
                <num>Article 7</num>
                <heading>Business profits</heading>
                <content>
                    <p>1. The profits of an enterprise of a Contracting State shall be taxable only in that State unless the enterprise carries on business in the other Contracting State through a permanent establishment situated therein. If the enterprise carries on business as aforesaid, the profits of the enterprise may be taxed in the other State but only so much of them as is attributable to that permanent establishment.</p>
                    <p>2. Subject to the provisions of paragraph 3, where an enterprise of a Contracting State carries on business in the other Contracting State through a permanent establishment situated therein, there shall in each Contracting State be attributed to that permanent establishment the profits which it might be expected to make if it were a distinct and separate enterprise engaged in the same or similar activities under the same or similar conditions and dealing wholly independently with the enterprise of which it is a permanent establishment.</p>
                    <p>3. In determining the profits of a permanent establishment, there shall be allowed as deductions expenses which are incurred for the purposes of the permanent establishment, including executive and general administrative expenses so incurred, whether in the State in which the permanent establishment is situated or elsewhere.</p>
                    <p>4. No profits shall be attributed to a permanent establishment by reason of the mere purchase by that permanent establishment of goods or merchandise for the enterprise.</p>
                    <p>5. For the purposes of the preceding paragraphs of this Article, the profits to be attributed to the permanent establishment shall be determined by the same method year by year unless there is good and sufficient reason to the contrary.</p>
                    <p>6. Where profits include items of income which are dealt with separately in other Articles of this Convention, then the provisions of those Articles shall not be affected by the provisions of this Article.</p>
                </content>
            </article>
            <article eId="art_8">
                <num>Article 8</num>
                <heading>Shipping and air transport</heading>
                <content>
                    <p>1. Profits of an enterprise of a Contracting State from the operation of ships or aircraft in international traffic shall be taxable only in that State.</p>
                    <p>2. For the purposes of this Article, profits from the operation of ships or aircraft in international traffic include:</p>
                    <p>a) profits from the rental on a bareboat basis of ships or aircraft; and</p>
                    <p>b) profits from the use, maintenance or rental of containers (including trailers and related equipment for the transport of containers) used for the transport of goods or merchandise;</p>
                    <p>where such rental or such use, maintenance or rental, as the case may be, is incidental to the operation of ships or aircraft in international traffic.</p>
                    <p>3. The provisions of paragraphs 1 and 2 shall also apply to profits from the participation in a pool, a joint business or an international operating agency, but only to so much of the profits so derived as is attributable to the participant in proportion to its share in the joint operation.</p>
                </content>
            </article>
            <article eId="art_9">
                <num>Article 9</num>
                <heading>Associated enterprises</heading>
                <content>
                    <p>1. Where</p>
                    <p>a) an enterprise of a Contracting State participates directly or indirectly in the management, control or capital of an enterprise of the other Contracting State, or</p>
                    <p>b) the same persons participate directly or indirectly in the management, control or capital of an enterprise of a Contracting State and an enterprise of the other Contracting State,</p>
                    <p>and in either case conditions are made or imposed between the two enterprises in their commercial or financial relations which differ from those which would be made between independent enterprises, then any profits which would, but for those conditions, have accrued to one of the enterprises, but, by reason of those conditions, have not so accrued, may be included in the profits of that enterprise and taxed accordingly.</p>
                    <p>2. Where a Contracting State includes in the profits of an enterprise of that State ― and taxes accordingly ― profits on which an enterprise of the other Contracting State has been charged to tax in that other State and the profits so included are profits which would have accrued to the enterprise of the first mentioned State if the conditions made between the two enterprises had been those which would have been made between independent enterprises, then that other State shall make an appropriate adjustment to the amount of tax charged therein on those profits, where that other State considers the adjustment justified. In determining such adjustment, due regard shall be had to the other provisions of this Convention and the competent authorities of the Contracting States shall if necessary consult each other.</p>
                </content>
            </article>
            <article eId="art_10">
                <num>Article 10</num>
                <heading>Dividends</heading>
                <content>
                    <p>1. Dividends paid by a company which is a resident of a Contracting State to a resident of the other Contracting State may be taxed in that other State.</p>
                    <p>2. However, such dividends may also be taxed in the Contracting State of which the company paying the dividends is a resident and according to the laws of that State, but if the beneficial owner of the dividends is a resident of the other Contracting State, the tax so charged shall not exceed:</p>
                    <p>a) 5 per cent of the gross amount of the dividends if the beneficial owner is a company (other than a partnership) which controls directly at least 25 per cent of the capital of the company paying the dividends;</p>
                    <p>b) 15 per cent of the gross amount of the dividends in all other cases.</p>
                    <p>This paragraph shall not affect the taxation of the company in respect of the profits out of which the dividends are paid.</p>
                    <p>3. The term "dividends" as used in this Article means income from shares, or other rights, not being debt claims, participating in profits, as well as income from other corporate rights which is subjected to the same taxation treatment as income from shares by the laws of the State of which the company making the distribution is a resident.</p>
                    <p>4. The provisions of paragraphs 1 and 2 shall not apply if the beneficial owner of the dividends, being a resident of a Contracting State, carries on business in the other Contracting State of which the company paying the dividends is a resident, through a permanent establishment situated therein, and the holding in respect of which the dividends are paid is effectively connected with such permanent establishment. In such case the provisions of Article 7 shall apply.</p>
                    <p>5. Where a company which is a resident of a Contracting State derives profits or income from the other Contracting State, that other State may not impose any tax on the dividends paid by the company, except insofar as such dividends are paid to a resident of that other State or insofar as the holding in respect of which the dividends are paid is effectively connected with a permanent establishment situated in that other State, nor subject the company's undistributed profits to a tax on the company's undistributed profits, even if the dividends paid or the undistributed profits consist wholly or partly of profits or income arising in such other State.</p>
                </content>
            </article>
            <article eId="art_11">
                <num>Article 11</num>
                <heading>Interest</heading>
                <content>
                    <p>1. Interest arising in a Contracting State and paid to a resident of the other Contracting State may be taxed in that other State.</p>
                    <p>2. However, such interest may also be taxed in the Contracting State in which it arises and according to the laws of that State, but if the beneficial owner of the interest is a resident of the other Contracting State, the tax so charged shall not exceed 5 per cent of the gross amount of the interest. The competent authorities of the Contracting States may by mutual agreement settle the mode of application of this limitation.</p>
                    <p>3. Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph 2 of this Article, any such interest referred to in paragraph 1 of this Article shall be taxable only in the Contracting State of which the recipient is a resident, if such recipient is the beneficial owner of the interest and if such interest is paid:</p>
                    <p>a) to the Government of a Contracting State, a political subdivision or local authority thereof, or the Central Bank of a Contracting State or any institution wholly owned by the Government of a Contracting State;</p>
                    <p>b) on a loan of whatever kind granted, insured or guaranteed by a governmental institution for the purposes of promoting exports;</p>
                    <p>c) in connection with the sale on credit of any industrial, commercial or scientific equipment;</p>
                    <p>d) on any loan of whatever kind granted by a bank.</p>
                    <p>4. The provisions of sub-paragraph b) of paragraph 3 of this Article shall also apply:</p>
                    <p>a) in the case of Finland, to the Finnish Fund for Industrial Co-operation (FINNFUND), Finnish Export Credit or FINNVERA, which are wholly or mainly owned by the State of Finland or any other institution, as may be agreed between the competent authorities of the Contracting States;</p>
                    <p>b) in the case of Poland, to the Export Credit Insurance Corporation S.A. (KUKE S.A.), and Bank Gospodartswa Krajowego (BGK), which are wholly or mainly owned by the State of Poland or any other institution, as may be agreed between the competent authorities of the Contracting States.</p>
                    <p>5. The term "interest" as used in this Article means income from debt claims of every kind, whether or not secured by mortgage and whether or not carrying a right to participate in the debtor's profits, and in particular, income from government securities and income from bonds or debentures, including premiums and prizes attaching to such securities, bonds or debentures. Penalty charges for late payment shall not be regarded as interest for the purpose of this Article.</p>
                    <p>6. The provisions of paragraph 1 and 2 shall not apply if the beneficial owner of the interest, being a resident of a Contracting State, carries on business in the other Contracting State in which the interest arises, through a permanent establishment situated therein, and the debt claim in respect of which the interest is paid is effectively connected with such permanent establishment. In such case the provisions of Article 7 shall apply.</p>
                    <p>7. Interest shall be deemed to arise in a Contracting State when the payer is a resident of that State. Where, however, the person paying the interest, whether he is a resident of a Contracting State or not, has in a Contracting State a permanent establishment in connection with which the indebtedness on which the interest is paid was incurred, and such interest is borne by such permanent establishment, then such interest shall be deemed to arise in the State in which the permanent establishment is situated.</p>
                    <p>8. Where, by reason of a special relationship between the payer and the beneficial owner or between both of them and some other person, the amount of the interest, having regard to the debt claim for which it is paid, exceeds the amount which would have been agreed upon by the payer and the beneficial owner in the absence of such relationship, the provisions of this Article shall apply only to the last mentioned amount. In such case, the excess part of the payments shall remain taxable according to the laws of each Contracting State, due regard being had to the other provisions of this Convention.</p>
                </content>
            </article>
            <article eId="art_12">
                <num>Article 12</num>
                <heading>Royalties</heading>
                <content>
                    <p>1. Royalties arising in a Contracting State and paid to a resident of the other Contracting State may be taxed in that other State.</p>
                    <p>2. However, such royalties may also be taxed in the Contracting State in which they arise and according to the laws of that State, but if the recipient is the beneficial owner of the royalties the tax so charged shall not exceed 5 per cent of the gross amount of the royalties.</p>
                    <p>3. The term "royalties" as used in this Article means payments of any kind received as a consideration for the use of, or the right to use, any copyright of literary, artistic or scientific work including cinematograph films, and films or tapes for television or radio broadcasting, any patent, trade mark, design or model, plan, secret formula or process, or for the use of, or the right to use any industrial, commercial, or scientific equipment, or for information concerning industrial, commercial or scientific experience.</p>
                    <p>4. The provisions of paragraph 1 and 2 shall not apply if the beneficial owner of the royalties, being a resident of a Contracting State, carries on business in the other Contracting State in which the royalties arise, through a permanent establishment situated therein, and the right or property in respect of which the royalties are paid is effectively connected with such permanent establishment. In such case the provisions of Article 7 shall apply.</p>
                    <p>5. Royalties shall be deemed to arise in a Contracting State when the payer is a resident of that State. Where, however, the person paying the royalties, whether he is a resident of a Contracting State or not, has in a Contracting State a permanent establishment in connection with which the indebtedness on which the royalties are paid was incurred, and such royalties are borne by such permanent establishment, then such royalties shall be deemed to arise in the State in which the permanent establishment is situated.</p>
                    <p>6. Where, by reason of a special relationship between the payer and the beneficial owner or between both of them and some other person, the amount of the royalties, having regard to the use, right or information for which they are paid, exceeds the amount which would have been agreed upon by the payer and the beneficial owner in the absence of such relationship, the provisions of this Article shall apply only to the last mentioned amount. In such case, the excess part of the payments shall remain taxable according to the laws of each Contracting State, due regard being had to the other provisions of this Convention.</p>
                </content>
            </article>
            <article eId="art_13">
                <num>Article 13</num>
                <heading>Capital gains</heading>
                <content>
                    <p>1. Gains derived by a resident of a Contracting State from the alienation of immovable property referred to in paragraph 2 of Article 6 and situated in the other Contracting State may be taxed in that other State.</p>
                    <p>
                        <embeddedStructure class="mli-replaced">
                            <p>
                                <authorialNote>
                                    <p>[REPLACED by paragraph 4 of Article 9 of the MLI]</p>
                                </authorialNote>
                            </p>
                            <p>[2. Gains derived by a resident of a Contracting State from the alienation of
                shares or other corporate rights in a company of whose assets more than 50 per cent
                consists of immovable property situated in the other Contracting State may be taxed
                in that other State.]</p>
                        </embeddedStructure>
                    </p>
                    <p>
                        <embeddedStructure class="mli-replacement">
                            <p>
                                <authorialNote>
                                    <p>
                                        The following paragraph 4 of Article 9 of the MLI replaces paragraph 2 of
                Article 13 of this Convention:
                                        <authorialNote marker="2" placement="bottom">
                                            <p>In accordance with paragraph 9 of Article 28 and paragraph 6 of
                        Article 29 of the MLI, paragraph 4 of Article 9 of the MLI has effect with
                        respect to the application of this Convention by the Republic of Finland: </p>
                                            <p>a) with respect to taxes withheld at source on amounts paid or
                        credited to non-residents, where the event giving rise to such taxes occurs
                        on or after 1 January 2024; and</p>
                                            <p>b) with respect to all other taxes levied by the Republic of Finland,
                        for taxes levied with respect to taxable periods beginning on or after 1
                        January 2024;</p>
                                            <p>and,</p>
                                            <p>In accordance with paragraph 9 of Article 28 and paragraph 6 of
                        Article 29 of the MLI, paragraph 4 of Article 9 of the MLI has effect with
                        respect to the application of the Convention by the Republic of Poland: </p>
                                            <p>a) with respect to taxes withheld at source on amounts paid or
                        credited to non-residents, where the event giving rise to such taxes occurs
                        on or after 1 January 2024; and</p>
                                            <p>b) with respect to all other taxes levied by the Republic of Poland,
                        for taxes levied with respect to taxable periods beginning on or after 1
                        January 2024.</p>
                                        </authorialNote>
                                    </p>
                                </authorialNote>
                            </p>
                            <article>
                                <num>ARTICLE 9 OF THE MLI – CAPITAL GAINS FROM ALIENATION OF SHARES OR INTERESTS OF ENTITIES DERIVING THEIR VALUE PRINCIPALLY FROM IMMOVABLE PROPERTY</num>
                                <content>
                                    <p>
                                        For purposes of [
                                        <i>the Convention</i>
                                        ], gains derived by
                    a resident of a [
                                        <i>Contracting State</i>
                                        ] from the alienation
                    of shares or comparable interests, such as interests in a partnership or trust,
                    may be taxed in the other [
                                        <i>Contracting State</i>
                                        ] if, at any
                    time during the 365 days preceding the alienation, these shares or comparable
                    interests derived more than 50 per cent of their value directly or indirectly
                    from immovable property (real property) situated in that other
                        [
                                        <i>Contracting State</i>
                                        ].
                                    </p>
                                </content>
                            </article>
                        </embeddedStructure>
                    </p>
                    <p>3. Gains from the alienation of movable property forming part of the business property of a permanent establishment which an enterprise of a Contracting State has in the other Contracting State, including such gains from the alienation of such a permanent establishment (alone or with the whole enterprise), may be taxed in that other State.</p>
                    <p>4. Gains derived by an enterprise of a Contracting State from the alienation of ships or aircraft operated in international traffic or movable property pertaining to the operation of such ships or aircraft, shall be taxable only in that State.</p>
                    <p>5. Gains from the alienation of any property other than that referred to in the preceding paragraphs of this Article, shall be taxable only in the Contracting State of which the alienator is a resident.</p>
                </content>
            </article>
            <article eId="art_14">
                <num>Article 14</num>
                <heading>Income from employment</heading>
                <content>
                    <p>1. Subject to the provisions of Articles 15, 17 and 18, salaries, wages and other similar remuneration derived by a resident of a Contracting State in respect of an employment shall be taxable only in that State unless the employment is exercised in the other Contracting State. If the employment is so exercised, such remuneration as is derived therefrom may be taxed in that other State.</p>
                    <p>2. Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph 1, remuneration derived by a resident of a Contracting State in respect of an employment exercised in the other Contracting State shall be taxable only in the first mentioned State if:</p>
                    <p>a) the recipient is present in the other State for a period or periods not exceeding in the aggregate 183 days within any twelve month period commencing or ending in the calendar year concerned, and</p>
                    <p>b) the remuneration is paid by, or on behalf of, an employer who is not a resident of the other State, and</p>
                    <p>c) the remuneration is not borne by a permanent establishment which the employer has in the other State, and</p>
                    <p>d) the employment is not a case of hiring out of labour.</p>
                    <p>3. Notwithstanding the preceding provisions of this Article, remuneration derived in respect of an employment exercised aboard a ship or aircraft operated in international traffic by an enterprise of a Contracting State, may be taxed in that State.</p>
                </content>
            </article>
            <article eId="art_15">
                <num>Article 15</num>
                <heading>Directors' fees</heading>
                <content>
                    <p>Directors' fees and other similar payments derived by a resident of a Contracting State in his capacity as a member of the board of directors or of the supervisory board of a company or of any other similar organ of a company which is a resident of the other Contracting State may be taxed in that other State.</p>
                </content>
            </article>
            <article eId="art_16">
                <num>Article 16</num>
                <heading>Artistes and sportsmen</heading>
                <content>
                    <p>1. Notwithstanding the provisions of Articles 7 and 14, income derived by a resident of a Contracting State as an entertainer, such as a theatre, motion picture, radio or television artiste, or a musician, or as a sportsman, from his personal activities as such exercised in the other Contracting State, may be taxed in that other State.</p>
                    <p>2. Where income in respect of personal activities exercised by an entertainer or a sportsman in his capacity as such accrues not to the entertainer or sportsman himself but to another person, that income may, notwithstanding the provisions of Articles 7 and 14, be taxed in the Contracting State in which the activities of the entertainer or sportsman are exercised.</p>
                    <p>3. The provisions of paragraphs 1 and 2 of this Article shall not apply to income derived from activities exercised in a Contracting State by an entertainer or a sportsperson if the visit to that State is wholly or mainly supported by public funds of the other Contracting State or a political subdivision or a local authority thereof. In such case, the income shall be taxable in accordance with the provisions of Article 7 or Article 14, as the case may be.</p>
                </content>
            </article>
            <article eId="art_17">
                <num>Article 17</num>
                <heading>Pensions, annuities and similar payments</heading>
                <content>
                    <p>1. Subject to the provisions of paragraph 2 of Article 18, pensions and other similar remuneration in consideration of past employment paid to a resident of a Contracting State shall be taxable only in that State.</p>
                    <p>2. Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph 1, and subject to the provisions of paragraph 2 of Article 18, pensions paid and other benefits, whether periodic or lumpsum compensation, awarded under the social security legislation of a Contracting State or under any public scheme organised by a Contracting State for social welfare purposes, or any annuity arising in a Contracting State, may be taxed in that State.</p>
                    <p>3. The term "annuity" as used in this Article means a stated sum payable periodically to an individual at stated times during his life, or during a specified or ascertainable period of time, under an obligation to make the payments in return for adequate and full consideration in money or money's worth (other than services rendered).</p>
                </content>
            </article>
            <article eId="art_18">
                <num>Article 18</num>
                <heading>Government service</heading>
                <content>
                    <p>1. a) Salaries, wages and other similar remuneration, other than a pension, paid by a Contracting State or a statutory body or a political subdivision or a local authority thereof to an individual in respect of services rendered to that State or body or subdivision or authority shall be taxable only in that State.</p>
                    <p>b) However, such salaries, wages and other similar remuneration shall be taxable only in the other Contracting State if the services are rendered in that State and the individual is a resident of that State who:</p>
                    <p>(i) is a national of that State; or</p>
                    <p>(ii) did not become a resident of that State solely for the purpose of rendering the services.</p>
                    <p>2. a) Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph 1, pensions and other similar remuneration paid by, or out of funds created by, a Contracting State or a statutory body or a political subdivision or a local authority thereof to an individual in respect of services rendered to that State or body or subdivision or authority shall be taxable only in that State;</p>
                    <p>b) However, such pensions and other similar remuneration shall be taxable only in the other Contracting State if the individual is a resident of, and a national of, that State.</p>
                    <p>3. The provisions of Articles 14, 15, 16 and 17 shall apply to salaries, wages, pensions and other similar remuneration in respect of services rendered in connection with a business carried on by a Contracting State or a statutory body or a political subdivision or a local authority thereof.</p>
                </content>
            </article>
            <article eId="art_19">
                <num>Article 19</num>
                <heading>Students and trainees</heading>
                <content>
                    <p>Payments which a student, pupil, an apprentice or business, technical, agricultural or forestry trainee, who is or was immediately before visiting a Contracting State a resident of the other Contracting State and who is present in the firstmentioned State solely for the purpose of his education or training receives for the purpose of his maintenance, education or training shall not be taxed in that State, provided that such payments arise from sources outside that State.</p>
                </content>
            </article>
            <article eId="art_20">
                <num>Article 20</num>
                <heading>Other income</heading>
                <content>
                    <p>1. Items of income of a resident of a Contracting State, wherever arising, not dealt with in the foregoing Articles of this Convention shall be taxable only in that State.</p>
                    <p>2. The provisions of paragraph 1 shall not apply to income, other than income from immovable property as defined in paragraph 2 of Article 6, if the recipient of such income, being a resident of a Contracting State, carries on business in the other Contracting State through a permanent establishment situated therein, and the right or property in respect of which the income is paid is effectively connected with such permanent establishment. In such case the provisions of Article 7 shall apply.</p>
                </content>
            </article>
            <article eId="art_21">
                <num>Article 21</num>
                <heading>Elimination of double taxation</heading>
                <content>
                    <p>1. Subject to the provisions of Finnish law regarding the elimination of international double taxation (which shall not affect the general principle hereof), double taxation shall be eliminated in Finland as follows:</p>
                    <p>a) Where a resident of Finland derives income which, in accordance with the provisions of this Convention, may be taxed in Poland, Finland shall, subject to the provisions of sub paragraph b), allow as a deduction from the Finnish tax of that person, an amount equal to the Polish tax paid under Polish law and in accordance with the Convention, as computed by reference to the same income by reference to which the Finnish tax is computed.</p>
                    <p>b) Dividends paid by a company being a resident of Poland to a company which is a resident of Finland and which controls directly at least 10 per cent of the voting power in the company paying the dividends shall be exempt from Finnish tax.</p>
                    <p>c) Where in accordance with any provision of the Convention income derived by a resident of Finland is exempt from tax in Finland, Finland may nevertheless, in calculating the amount of tax on the remaining income of such person, take into account the exempted income.</p>
                    <p>2. In Poland double taxation shall be eliminated as follows:</p>
                    <p>
                        <embeddedStructure class="mli-replaced">
                            <p>
                                <authorialNote>
                                    <p>[REPLACED by paragraph 6 of Article 5 of the MLI]</p>
                                </authorialNote>
                            </p>
                            <p>[(a) Where a resident of Poland derives income which, in accordance with the provisions of this Convention may be taxed in Finland, Poland shall, subject to the provisions of sub-paragraph (b) of this paragraph exempt such income from tax;]</p>
                        </embeddedStructure>
                    </p>
                    <p>
                        <embeddedStructure class="mli-replacement">
                            <p>
                                <authorialNote>
                                    <p>
                                        The following paragraph 6 of Article 5 of the MLI replaces Article
                21(2)(a) of this Convention:
                                        <authorialNote marker="3" placement="bottom">
                                            <p>In accordance with paragraphs 1 and 3 of Article 35 of the MLI,
                        paragraph 6 of Article 5 of the MLI has effect with respect to the
                        application of this Convention by Republic of Finland:</p>
                                            <p>a) with respect to taxes withheld at source on amounts paid or
                        credited to nonresidents, where the event giving rise to such taxes occurs
                        on or after 1 January 2020; and</p>
                                            <p>b) with respect to all other taxes levied by Republic of Finland, for
                        taxes levied with respect to taxable periods beginning on or after 1 January
                        2020;</p>
                                            <p>and,</p>
                                            <p>In accordance with paragraph 1 of Article 35 of the MLI, paragraph 6
                        of Article 5 of the MLI has effect with respect to the application of the
                        Convention by Republic of Poland:</p>
                                            <p>a) with respect to taxes withheld at source on amounts paid or
                        credited to nonresidents, where the event giving rise to such taxes occurs
                        on or after 1 January 2020; and</p>
                                            <p>b) with respect to all other taxes levied by Republic of Poland, for
                        taxes levied with respect to taxable periods beginning on or after 1
                        December 2019.</p>
                                        </authorialNote>
                                    </p>
                                </authorialNote>
                            </p>
                            <article>
                                <num>ARTICLE 5 OF THE MLI – APPLICATION OF METHODS FOR ELIMINATION OF DOUBLE TAXATION (Option C)</num>
                                <content>
                                    <p>
                                        Where a resident of [
                                        <i>Poland</i>
                                        ] derives income [ ] which may be taxed in [
                                        <i>Finland</i>
                                        ] in accordance with the provisions of [
                                        <i>this Convention</i>
                                        ] (except to the extent that these provisions allow taxation by [
                                        <i>Finland</i>
                                        ] solely because the income is also income derived by a resident of [
                                        <i>Finland</i>
                                        ]), [
                                        <i>Poland</i>
                                        ] shall allow [ ] as a deduction from the tax on the income of that resident, an amount equal to the income tax paid in [
                                        <i>Finland</i>
                                        ] [ ].
                                    </p>
                                    <p>Such deduction shall not, however, exceed that part of the income tax [ ], as computed</p>
                                    <p>
                                        before the deduction is given, which is attributable to the income [ ] which may be taxed in [
                                        <i>Finland</i>
                                        ].
                                    </p>
                                    <p>
                                        Where in accordance with any provision of [
                                        <i>the Convention</i>
                                        ] income derived [ ] by a resident of a [
                                        <i>Poland</i>
                                        ] is exempt from tax in [
                                        <i>Poland</i>
                                        ], [
                                        <i>Poland</i>
                                        ] may nevertheless, in calculating the amount of tax on the remaining income [ ] of such resident, take into account the exempted income [ ].
                                    </p>
                                </content>
                            </article>
                        </embeddedStructure>
                    </p>
                    <p>(b) Where a resident of Poland derives income or capital gains which, in accordance with the provisions of Articles 10, 11, 12 or 13, may be taxed in Finland, Poland shall allow as a deduction from the tax on the income or capital gains of that resident an amount equal to the tax paid in Finland. Such deduction shall not, however, exceed that part of the tax, as computed before the deduction is given, which is attributable to such income or capital gains derived from Finland.</p>
                    <p>(c) Where in accordance with any provision of this Convention, income derived by a resident of Poland is exempt from tax in Poland, Poland may nevertheless, in calculating the amount of tax on the remaining income of such resident, take into account the exempted income.</p>
                </content>
            </article>
            <article eId="art_22">
                <num>Article 22</num>
                <heading>Non discrimination</heading>
                <content>
                    <p>1. Nationals of a Contracting State shall not be subjected in the other Contracting State to any taxation or any requirement connected therewith, which is other or more burdensome than the taxation and connected requirements to which nationals of that other State in the same circumstances, in particular with respect to residence, are or may be subjected. This provision shall, notwithstanding the provisions of Article 1, also apply to persons who are not residents of one or both of the Contracting States.</p>
                    <p>2. Stateless persons who are residents of a Contracting State shall not be subjected in either Contracting State to any taxation or any requirement connected therewith, which is other or more burdensome than the taxation and connected requirements to which nationals of the State concerned in the same circumstances, in particular with respect to residence, are or may be subjected.</p>
                    <p>3. The taxation on a permanent establishment which an enterprise of a Contracting State has in the other Contracting State shall not be less favourably levied in that other State than the taxation levied on enterprises of that other State carrying on the same activities.</p>
                    <p>4. Except where the provisions of paragraph 1 of Article 9, paragraph 8 of Article 11, or paragraph 6 of Article 12, apply, interest, royalties and other disbursements paid by an enterprise of a Contracting State to a resident of the other Contracting State shall, for the purpose of determining the taxable profits of such enterprise, be deductible under the same conditions as if they had been paid to a resident of the first-mentioned State.</p>
                    <p>5. Enterprises of a Contracting State, the capital of which is wholly or partly owned or controlled, directly or indirectly, by one or more residents of the other Contracting State, shall not be subjected in the first-mentioned State to any taxation or any requirement connected therewith which is other or more burdensome than the taxation and connected requirements to which other similar enterprises of the firstmentioned State are or may be subjected.</p>
                    <p>6. Nothing contained in this Article shall be construed as obliging either Contracting State to grant to individuals not resident in that State any of the personal allowances, reliefs and reductions for tax purposes which are granted to individuals so resident or to its nationals.</p>
                    <p>7. The provisions of this Article shall, notwithstanding the provisions of Article 2, apply to taxes of every kind and description.</p>
                </content>
            </article>
            <article eId="art_23">
                <num>Article 23</num>
                <heading>Mutual agreement procedure</heading>
                <content>
                    <p>1. Where a person considers that the actions of one or both of the Contracting States result or will result for him in taxation not in accordance with the provisions of this Convention, he may, irrespective of the remedies provided by the domestic law of those States, present his case to the competent authority of the Contracting State of which he is a resident or, if his case comes under paragraph 1 of Article 22, to that of the Contracting State of which he is a national. The case must be presented within three years from the first notification of the action resulting in taxation not in accordance with the provisions of the Convention.</p>
                    <p>2. The competent authority shall endeavour, if the objection appears to it to be justified and if it is not itself able to arrive at a satisfactory solution, to resolve the case by mutual agreement with the competent authority of the other Contracting State, with a view to the avoidance of taxation which is not in accordance with the Convention. Any agreement reached shall be implemented notwithstanding any time limits in the domestic law of the Contracting States.</p>
                    <p>3. The competent authorities of the Contracting States shall endeavour to resolve by mutual agreement any difficulties or doubts arising as to the interpretation or application of the Convention. They may also consult together for the elimination of double taxation in cases not provided for in the Convention.</p>
                    <p>4. The competent authorities of the Contracting States may communicate with each other directly, including through a joint commission consisting of themselves or their representatives, for the purpose of reaching an agreement in the sense of the preceding paragraphs.</p>
                </content>
            </article>
            <article eId="art_24">
                <num>Article 24</num>
                <heading>Exchange of information</heading>
                <content>
                    <p>1. The competent authorities of the Contracting States shall exchange such information as is foreseeably relevant for carrying out the provisions of this Convention or to the administration or enforcement of the domestic law concerning taxes of every kind and description imposed on behalf of the Contracting States or of their local authorities, insofar as the taxation thereunder is not contrary to the Convention. The exchange of information is not restricted by Articles 1 and 2.</p>
                    <p>2. Any information received under paragraph 1 by a Contracting State shall be treated as secret in the same manner as information obtained under the domestic law of that State and shall be disclosed only to persons or authorities (including courts and administrative bodies) concerned with the assessment or collection of, the enforcement or prosecution in respect of, the determination of appeals in relation to the taxes referred to in paragraph 1, or the oversight of the above. Such persons or authorities shall use the information only for such purposes. They may disclose the information in public court proceedings or in judicial decisions.</p>
                    <p>3. In no case shall the provisions of paragraphs 1 and 2 be construed so as to impose on a Contracting State the obligation:</p>
                    <p>a) to carry out administrative measures at variance with the law and administrative practice of that or of the other Contracting State;</p>
                    <p>b) to supply information which is not obtainable by the competent authority under the law or in the normal course of the administration of that or of the other Contracting State;</p>
                    <p>c) to supply information which would disclose any trade, business, industrial, commercial or professional secret or trade process, or information, the disclosure of which would be contrary to public policy (ordre public).</p>
                    <p>4. If information is requested by a Contracting State in accordance with this Article, the other Contracting State shall use its in formation gathering measures to obtain the requested information, even though that other State may not need such information for its own tax purposes. The obligation contained in the preceding sentence is subject to the limitations of paragraph 3 but in no case shall such limitations be construed to permit a Contracting State to decline to supply information solely because it has no domestic interest in such information.</p>
                    <p>5. In no case shall the provisions of paragraph 3 be construed to permit a Contracting State to decline to supply information solely because the information is held by a bank, other financial institution, nominee or person acting in an agency or a fiduciary capacity or because it relates to ownership interests in a person.</p>
                </content>
            </article>
            <article eId="art_25">
                <num>Article 25</num>
                <heading>Members of diplomatic missions and consular posts</heading>
                <content>
                    <p>Nothing in this Convention shall affect the fiscal privileges of members of diplomatic missions or consular posts under the general rules of international law or under the provisions of special agreements.</p>
                </content>
            </article>
            <p>
                <embeddedStructure class="mli-addition">
                    <p>
                        <authorialNote>
                            <p>
                                The following paragraph 1 of Article 7 of the MLI applies and supersedes the
            provisions of this Convention: 
                                <authorialNote marker="4" placement="bottom">
                                    <p> In accordance with paragraphs 1 and 3 of Article 35 of the MLI, paragraph
                    1 of Article 7 of the MLI has effect with respect to the application of this
                    Convention by Republic of Finland:</p>
                                    <p>a) with respect to taxes withheld at source on amounts paid or credited to
                    nonresidents, where the event giving rise to such taxes occurs on or after 1
                    January 2020; and</p>
                                    <p>b) with respect to all other taxes levied by Republic of Finland, for
                    taxes levied with respect to taxable periods beginning on or after 1 January
                    2020;</p>
                                    <p>and,</p>
                                    <p>In accordance with paragraph 1 of Article 35 of the MLI, paragraph 1 of
                    Article 7 of the MLI has effect with respect to the application of the
                    Convention by Republic of Poland:</p>
                                    <p>a) with respect to taxes withheld at source on amounts paid or credited to
                    nonresidents, where the event giving rise to such taxes occurs on or after 1
                    January 2020; and</p>
                                    <p>b) with respect to all other taxes levied by Republic of Poland, for taxes
                    levied with respect to taxable periods beginning on or after 1 December
                    2019.</p>
                                </authorialNote>
                            </p>
                        </authorialNote>
                    </p>
                    <article>
                        <num>ARTICLE 7 OF THE MLI – PREVENTION OF TREATY ABUSE (Principal purposes test provision)</num>
                        <content>
                            <p>
                                Notwithstanding any provisions of [
                                <i>the Convention</i>
                                ], a benefit under [
                                <i>the Convention</i>
                                ] shall not be granted in respect of an item of income [ ] if it is reasonable to conclude, having regard to all relevant facts and circumstances, that obtaining that benefit was one of the principal purposes of any arrangement or transaction that resulted directly or indirectly in that benefit, unless it is established that granting that benefit in these circumstances would be in accordance with the object and purpose of the relevant provisions of [
                                <i>the Convention</i>
                                ].
                            </p>
                        </content>
                    </article>
                </embeddedStructure>
            </p>
            <article eId="art_26">
                <num>Article 26</num>
                <heading>Entry into force</heading>
                <content>
                    <p>1. Each of the Contracting States shall notify in writing through diplomatic channels to the other the completion of the procedures required by its law for the bringing into force of this Convention.</p>
                    <p>2. The Convention shall enter into force thirty days after the date of the later of the notifications referred to in paragraph 1 and its provisions shall have effect in both Contracting States:</p>
                    <p>a) in respect of taxes withheld at source, on income derived on or after 1 January in the calendar year next following the year in which the Convention enters into force;</p>
                    <p>b) in respect of other taxes on income for taxes chargeable for any tax year beginning on or after 1 January in the calendar year next following the year in which the Convention enters into force.</p>
                    <p>3. The Convention between the Government of the Republic of Finland and the Government of the Republic of Poland for the avoidance of double taxation with respect to taxes on income and capital, signed at Helsinki on 26th October 1977, as modified by the Protocol signed at Helsinki on 28th April 1994 (hereinafter referred to as "the 1977 Convention"), shall cease to have effect with respect to taxes to which this Convention applies in accordance with the provisions of paragraph 2. The 1977 Convention shall terminate on the last date on which it has effect in accordance with the foregoing provision of this paragraph.</p>
                </content>
            </article>
            <article eId="art_27">
                <num>Article 27</num>
                <heading>Termination</heading>
                <content>
                    <p>This Convention shall remain in force until terminated by a Contracting State. Either Contracting State may terminate the Convention, through diplomatic channels, by giving written notice of termination at least six months before the end of any calendar year following after the period of five years from the date on which the Convention enters into force. In such event, the Convention shall cease to have effect in both Contracting States:</p>
                    <p>a) in respect of taxes withheld at source, on income derived on or after 1 January in the calendar year next following the year in which the notice is given;</p>
                    <p>b) in respect of other taxes on income for taxes chargeable for any tax year beginning on or after 1 January in the calendar year next following the year in which the notice is given;</p>
                </content>
            </article>
            <hcontainer name="conclusions">
                <content>
                    <p>Done in duplicate at Helsinki this 8th day of June 2009, in the Finnish, Polish and English languages, all three texts being equally authentic. In the case of divergence of interpretation the English text shall prevail.</p>
                </content>
            </hcontainer>
        </mainBody>
    </doc>
</akomaNtoso>
