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Konvention om avskaffande av all slags diskriminering av kvinnor

Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women

Sopimukseen tehdyt muutokset

• 20/2001, 21/20016.10.1999Yleissopimuksen valinnainen pöytäkirja

Osapuolet

• AFGANISTAN

  Sitoutumispäivä: 05.03.2003 R
  Voimaantulopäivä: 04.04.2003

• ALANKOMAAT

  Sitoutumispäivä: 23.07.1991 R
  Voimaantulopäivä: 22.08.1991
  Varauma:

  Declaration:
  "During the preparatory stages of the present Convention and in the course of debates on it in the General Assembly the position of the Government of the Kingdom of the Netherlands was that it was not desirable to introduce political considerations such as those contained in paragraphs 10 and 11 of the preamble in a legal instrument of this nature. Moreover, the considerations are not directly related to the achievement of total equality between men and women. The Government of the Kingdom of the Netherlands considers that it must recall its objections to the said paragraphs in the preamble at this occasion."
  
  
  Alueellinen soveltaminen: Sovelletaan myös Alankomaiden Antilleihin ja Arubaan.

• ALBANIA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 11.05.1994 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 10.06.1994

• ALGERIA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 22.05.1996 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 21.06.1996
  Varauma:

  Reservations:
  Article 2:
  The Government of the People´s Democratic Republic of Algeria declares that it is prepared to apply the provisions of this article on condition that they do not conflict with the provisions of the Algerian Family Code.
  Article 41 of the Algerian Family Code states that a child is affiliated to its father through legal marriage.
  Article 43 of that Code states that `the child is affiliated to its father if it is born in the 10 months following the date of separation or death´.
  Article 15, paragraph 4:
  The Government of the People´s Democratic Republic of Algeria declares that the provisions of article 15, paragraph 4, concerning the right of women to choose their residence and domicile should not be interpreted in such a manner as to contradict the provisions of chapter 4 (art. 37) of the Algerian Family Code.
  Article 16:
  The Government of the People´s Democratic Republic of Algeria declares that the provisions of article 16 concerning equal rights for men and women in all matters relating to marriage, both during marriage and at its dissolution, should not contradict the provisions of the Algerian Family Code.
  Article 29:
  The Government of the People´s Democratic Republic of Algeria does not consider itself bound by article 29, paragraph 1, which states that any dispute between two or more Parties concerning the interpretation or application of the Convention which is not settled by negotiation shall, at the request of one of them, be submitted to arbitration or to the International Court of Justice.
  The Government of the People´s Democratic Republic of Algeria holds that no such dispute can be submitted to arbitration or to the Court of International Justice except with the consent of all the parties to the dispute.

• ANDORRA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 15.01.1997 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 14.02.1997

• ANGOLA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 17.09.1986 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 17.10.1986

• ANTIGUA JA BARBUDA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 01.08.1989 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 31.08.1989

• ARABIEMIRAATTIEN LIITTO

  Sitoutumispäivä: 06.10.2004 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 05.11.2004
  Varauma:

  Reservations
  Article 2(f)
  The United Arab Emirates, being of the opinion that this paragraph violates the rules of inheritance established in accordance with the precepts of the Shariah, makes a reservation thereto and does not consider itself bound by the provisions thereof.
  
  Article 9
  The United Arab Emirates, considering the acquisition of nationality an internal matter which is governed, and the conditions and controls of which are established, by national legislation makes a reservation to this article and does not consider itself bound by the provisions thereof.
  
  Article 15(2)
  The United Arab Emirates, considering this paragraph in conflict with the precepts of the Shariah regarding legal capacity, testimony and the right to conclude contracts, makes a reservation to the said paragraph of the said article and does not consider itself bound by the provisions thereof.
  
  Article 16
  The United Arab Emirates will abide by the provisions of this article insofar as they are not in conflict with the principles of the Shariah. The United Arab Emirates considers that the payment of a dower and of support after divorce is an obligation of the husband, and the husband has the right to divorce, just as the wife has her independent financial security and her full rights to her property and is not required to pay her husband's or her own expenses out of her own property. The Shariah makes a woman's right to divorce conditional on a judicial decision, in a case in which she has been harmed.
  
  Article 29(1)
  The United Arab Emirates appreciates and respects the functions of this article, which provides:"Any dispute between two or more States Parties concerning the interpretation or application of the present Convention which is not settled by negotiation shall, at the request of one of them, be submitted to arbitration. If within six months...the parties are unable..." [any one of those parties] "may refer the dispute to the International Court of Justice..."
  This article, however, violates the general principle that matters are submitted to an arbitration panel by agreement between the parties. In addition, it might provide an opening for certain States to bring other States to trial in defence of their nationals; the case might then be referred to the committee charged with discussing the State reports required by the Convention and a decision might be handed down against the State in question for violating the provisions of the Convention. For these reasons the United Arab Emirates makes a reservation to this article and does not consider itself bound by the provisions thereof.

• ARGENTIINA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 15.07.1985 R
  Voimaantulopäivä: 14.08.1985
  Varauma:

  Reservation:
  The Government of Argentina declares that it does not consider itself bound by article 29, paragraph 1, of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women.

• ARMENIA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 13.09.1993 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 13.10.1993

• AUSTRALIA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 28.07.1983 R
  Voimaantulopäivä: 27.08.1983
  Varauma:

  Reservations:
  "The Government of Australia states that maternity leave with pay is provided in respect of most women employed by the Commonwealth Government and the Governments of New South Wales and Victoria. Unpaid maternity leave is provided in respect of all other women employed in the State of New South Wales and elsewhere to women employed under Federal and some State industrial awards. Social Security benefits subject to income tests are available to women who are sole parents.
  "The Government of Australia advises that it is not at present in a position to take the measures required by article 11 (2) to introduce maternity leave with pay or with comparable social benefits throughout Australia.
  [...]
  Declaration:
  "Australia has a Federal Constitutional System in which Legislative, Executive and Judicial Powers are shared or distributed between the Commonwealth and the Constituent States. The implementation of the Treaty throughout Australia will be effected by the Commonwealth State and Territory Authorities having regard to their respective constitutional powers and arrangements concerning their exercise."
  30 August 2000
  Reservation:
  The Government of Australia advises that it does not accept the application of the Convention in so far as it would require alteration of Defence Force policy which excludes women from combat duties."

• AZERBAIDZHAN

  Sitoutumispäivä: 10.07.1995 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 09.08.1995

• BAHAMA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 08.10.1993 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 05.11.1993
  Varauma:

  Reservations:
  "The Government of the Commonwealth of the Bahamas does not consider itself bound by the provisions of article 2(a), ... article 9, paragraph 2, ... [and] article 29, paragraph 1, of the Convention."

• BAHRAIN

  Sitoutumispäivä: 18.06.2002 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 18.07.2002
  Varauma:

  Reservations:
  ....the Kingdom of Bahrain makes reservations with respect to the following provisions of the Convention:
  - Article 2, in order to ensure its implementation within the bounds of the provisions of the Islamic Shariah;
  - Article 9, paragraph 2;
  - Article 15, paragraph 4;
  - Article 16, in so far as it is incompatible with the provisions of the Islamic Shariah;
  - Article 29, paragraph 1.

• BANGLADESH

  Sitoutumispäivä: 06.11.1984 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 06.12.1984
  Varauma:

  "The Government of the People´s Republic of Bangladesh does not consider as binding upon itself the provisions of articles 2, [.....] and 16 (1) (c) and [.....] as they conflict with Sharia law based on Holy Quran and Sunna."

• BARBADOS

  Sitoutumispäivä: 16.10.1980 R
  Voimaantulopäivä: 03.09.1981

• BELGIA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 10.07.1985 R
  Voimaantulopäivä: 09.08.1985

• BELIZE

  Sitoutumispäivä: 16.05.1990 R
  Voimaantulopäivä: 15.06.1990

• BENIN

  Sitoutumispäivä: 12.03.1992 R
  Voimaantulopäivä: 11.04.1992

• BHUTAN

  Sitoutumispäivä: 31.08.1981 R
  Voimaantulopäivä: 30.09.1981

• BOLIVIA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 08.06.1990 R
  Voimaantulopäivä: 08.07.1990

• BOSNIA-HERTSEGOVINA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 01.09.1993 VS
  Voimaantulopäivä: 06.03.1992

• BOTSWANA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 13.08.1996 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 12.09.1996

• BRASILIA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 01.02.1994 R
  Voimaantulopäivä: 02.03.1984
  Varauma:

  Reservation made upon signature and confirmed upon ratifica- tion:
  "... Brazil does not consider itself bound by article 29, paragraph 1, of the above-mentioned Convention."

• BRUNEI

  Sitoutumispäivä: 24.05.2006 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 23.06.2006
  Varauma:

  The Government of Brunei Darussalam expresses its reservations regarding those provisions of the said Convention that may be contrary to the Constitution of Brunei Darussalam and to the beliefs and principles of Islam, the official religion of Brunei Darussalam and, without prejudice to the generality of the said reservations, expresses its reservations regarding paragraph 2 of Article 9 and paragraph 1 of Article 29 of the Convention.

• BULGARIA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 08.02.1982 R
  Voimaantulopäivä: 10.03.1982

• BURKINA FASO

  Sitoutumispäivä: 14.10.1987 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 13.11.1987

• BURUNDI

  Sitoutumispäivä: 08.01.1992 R
  Voimaantulopäivä: 07.02.1992

• CHILE

  Sitoutumispäivä: 07.12.1989 R
  Voimaantulopäivä: 06.01.1990
  Varauma:

  Upon signature:
  Declaration:
  The Government of Chile has signed this Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women, mindful of the important step which this document represents, not only in terms of the elimination of all forms of discrimination against women, but also in terms of their full and permanent integration into society in conditions of equality.
  The Government is obliged to state, however, that some of the provisions of the Convention are not entirely compatible with current Chilean legislation.
  At the same time, it reports the establishment of a Commission for the Study and Reform of the Civil Code, which now has before it various proposals to amend, inter alia, those provisions which are not fully consistent with the terms of the Convention.

• COOKINSAARET

  Sitoutumispäivä: 11.08.2006 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 10.09.2006

• COSTA RICA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 04.04.1986 R
  Voimaantulopäivä: 04.05.1986

• DJIBOUTI

  Sitoutumispäivä: 02.12.1998 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 01.01.1999

• DOMINICA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 15.09.1980 R
  Voimaantulopäivä: 03.09.1981

• DOMINIKAANINEN TASAVALTA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 02.09.1982 R
  Voimaantulopäivä: 02.10.1982

• ECUADOR

  Sitoutumispäivä: 09.11.1981 R
  Voimaantulopäivä: 09.12.1981

• EGYPTI

  Sitoutumispäivä: 18.09.1981 R
  Voimaantulopäivä: 18.10.1981
  Varauma:

  Reservations made upon signature and confirmed upon ratification:
  In respect of article 16
  Reservation to the text of article 16 concerning the equality of men and women in all matters relating to marriage and family relations during the marriage and upon its dissolution, without prejudice to the Islamic Sharia´s provisions whereby women are accorded rights equivalent to those of their spouses so as to ensure a just balance between them. This is out of respect for the sacrosanct nature of the firm religious beliefs which govern marital relations in Egypt and which may not be called in question and in view of the fact that one of the most important bases of these relations is an equivalency of rights and duties so as to ensure complementary which guarantees true equality between the spouses. The provisions of the Sharia lay down that the husband shall pay bridal money to the wife and maintain her fully and shall also make a payment to her upon divorce, whereas the wife retains full rights over her property and is not obliged to spend anything on her keep. The Sharia therefore restricts the wife´s rights to divorce by making it contingent on a judge´s ruling, whereas no such restriction is laid down in the case of the husband.
  In respect of article 29:
  The Egyptian delegation also maintains the reservation contained in article 29, paragraph 2, concerning the right of a State signatory to the Convention to declare that it does not consider itself bound by paragraph 1 of that article concerning the submission to an arbitral body of any dispute which may arise between States concerning the interpretation or application of the Convention. This is in order to avoid being bound by the system of arbitration in this field.
  Reservation made upon ratification:
  General reservation on article 2
  
  The Arab Republic of Egypt is willing to comply with the content of this article, provided that such compliance does not run counter to the Islamic Sharia.

• EL SALVADOR

  Sitoutumispäivä: 19.08.1981 R
  Voimaantulopäivä: 18.09.1981
  Varauma:

  Upon signature:
  ... Upon ratification of the Convention, the Government of El Salvador will make the reservation provided for in article 29.
  Upon ratification:
  Reservation:
  With reservation as to the application of the provision of article 29, paragraph 1.

• ERITREA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 05.09.1995 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 05.10.1995

• ESPANJA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 05.01.1984 R
  Voimaantulopäivä: 04.02.1984
  Varauma:

  Declaration:
  The ratification of the Convention by Spain shall not affect the constitutional provisions concerning succession to the Spanish crown.

• ETELÄ-AFRIKKA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 15.12.1995 R
  Voimaantulopäivä: 14.01.1996

• ETELÄ-KOREA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 27.12.1984 R
  Voimaantulopäivä: 26.01.1985
  Varauma:

  Upon signature:
  Reservation:
  "1. The Government of the Republic of Korea does not consider itself bound by the provisions of article 9 of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women of 1979.
  "2. Bearing in mind the fundamental principles as embodied in the said Convention, the Government of the Republic of Korea has recently established the Korea Women´s welfare and social activities. A committee under the chairmanship of the prime minister will shortly be set up to consider and coordinate overall policies on women.
  "3. The Government of the Republic of Korea will make continued efforts to take further measures in line with the provisions stipulated in the Convention."
  Upon ratification:
  "The Government of the Republic of Korea, having examined the said Convention, hereby ratifies the Convention considering itself not bound by the provisions of [...] and sub-paragraph [...] (g) of paragraph 1 of article 16 of the Convention."

• ETIOPIA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 10.09.1981 R
  Voimaantulopäivä: 10.10.1981
  Varauma:

  Reservation:
  Socialist Ethiopia does not consider itself bound by paragraph 1 of article 29 of the Convention.

• FIDZHI

  Sitoutumispäivä: 28.08.1995 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 27.09.1995

• FILIPPIINIT

  Sitoutumispäivä: 05.08.1981 R
  Voimaantulopäivä: 04.09.1981

• GABON

  Sitoutumispäivä: 21.01.1983 R
  Voimaantulopäivä: 20.02.1983

• GAMBIA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 16.04.1993 R
  Voimaantulopäivä: 16.05.1993

• GEORGIA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 26.10.1994 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 25.11.1994

• GHANA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 02.01.1986 R
  Voimaantulopäivä: 01.02.1986

• GRENADA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 30.08.1990 R
  Voimaantulopäivä: 29.09.1990

• GUATEMALA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 12.08.1982 R
  Voimaantulopäivä: 11.09.1982

• GUINEA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 09.08.1982 R
  Voimaantulopäivä: 08.09.1982

• GUINEA-BISSAU

  Sitoutumispäivä: 23.08.1985 R
  Voimaantulopäivä: 22.09.1985

• GUYANA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 17.07.1980 R
  Voimaantulopäivä: 03.09.1981

• HAITI

  Sitoutumispäivä: 20.07.1981 R
  Voimaantulopäivä: 03.09.1981

• HONDURAS

  Sitoutumispäivä: 03.03.1983 R
  Voimaantulopäivä: 02.04.1983

• HONGKONG

  Sitoutumispäivä: -
  Voimaantulopäivä: -

• INDONESIA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 13.09.1984 R
  Voimaantulopäivä: 13.10.1984
  Varauma:

  "The Government of the Republic of Indonesia does not consider itself bound by the provisions of article 29, paragraph 1 of this Convention and takes the position that any dispute relating to the interpretation or application of the Convention may only be submitted to arbitration or to the International Court of Justice with the agreement of all the parties to the dispute."

• INTIA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 09.07.1993 R
  Voimaantulopäivä: 08.08.1993
  Varauma:

  Declarations and reservations made upon signature and confirmed upon ratification:
  Declarations:
  "i) With regard to articles 5 (a) and 16 (1) of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women, the Government of the Republic of India declares that it shall abide by and ensure these provisions in conformity with its policy of non-interference in the personal affairs of any Community without its initiative and consent.
  "ii) With regard to article 16 (2) of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women, the Government of the Republic of India declares that though in principle it fully supports the principle of compulsory registration of marriages, it is not practical in a vast country like India with its variety of customs, religions and level of literacy."
  Reservation:
  "With regard to article 29 of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women, the Government of the Republic of India declares that it does not consider itself bound by paragraph 1 of this article."

• IRAK

  Sitoutumispäivä: 13.08.1986 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 12.09.1986
  Varauma:

  Reservations:
  1. Approval of and accession to this Convention shall not mean that the Republic of Iraq is bound by the provisions of article 2, paragraphs (f) and (g), of article 9, paragraphs 1 and 2, nor of article 16 of the Convention. The reservation to this last-mentioned article shall be without prejudice to the provisions of the Islamic Shariah according women rights equivalent to the rights of their spouses so as to ensure a just balance between them. Iraq also enters a reservation to article 29, paragraph 1, of this Convention with regard to the principle of international arbitration in connection with the interpretation or application of this Convention.
  2. This approval in no way implies recognition of or entry into any relations with Israel.
  
  
  PARTIAL WITHDRAWAL OF RESERVATIONS on 18 February 2014.
  The Government of the Republic of Iraq decided to withdraw its reservation to article 9 of the Convention made upon accession. The remaining reservations read as follows:
  1. Approval of and accession to this Convention shall not mean that the Republic of Iraq is bound by the provisions of article 2, paragraphs (f) and (g), nor of article 16 of the Convention. The reservation to this last-mentioned article shall be without prejudice to the provisions of the Islamic Shariah according women rights equivalent to the rights of their spouses so as to ensure a just balance between them. Iraq also enters a reservation to article 29, paragraph 1, of this Convention with regard to
  the principle of international arbitration in connection with the interpretation or application of this Convention.
  2. This approval in no way implies recognition of or entry into any relations with Israel.

• IRLANTI

  Sitoutumispäivä: 23.12.1985 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 22.01.1986
  Varauma:

  Reservations:
  Articles 16, 1 (d) and (f)
  Ireland is of the view that the attainment in Ireland of the objectives of the Convention does not necessitate the extension to men of rights identical to those accorded by law to women in respect of the guardianship, adoption and custody of children born out of wedlock and reserves the right to implement the Convention subject to that understanding.
  Articles 11 (1) and 13 (a)
  Ireland reserves the right to regard the Anti-Discrimination (Pay) Act, 1974 and the Employment Equality Act 1977 and other measures taken in implementation of the European Economic Community standards concerning employment opportunities and pay as sufficient implementation of articles 11,1 (b), (c) and (d).
  Ireland reserves the right for the time being to maintain provisions of Irish legislation in the area of social security which are more favourable to women than men.

• ISLANTI

  Sitoutumispäivä: 18.06.1985 R
  Voimaantulopäivä: 18.07.1985

• ISO-BRITANNIA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 07.04.1986 R
  Voimaantulopäivä: 07.05.1986
  Varauma:

  Upon signature:
  "The Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland declare that it is their intention to make certain reservations and declarations upon ratification of the Convention.
  Upon ratification:
  "A. On behalf of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland:
  "(a) The United Kingdom understands the main purpose of the Convention, in the light of the definition contained in Article 1, to be the reduction, in accordance with its terms, of discrimination against women, and does not therefore regard the Convention as imposing any requirement to repeal or modify any existing laws, regulations, customs or practices which provide for women to be treated more favourably than men, whether temporarily or in the longer term; the United Kingdom´s undertakings under Article 4, paragraph 1, and other provisions of the Convention are to be construed accordingly.
  .....
  "(c) In the light of the definition contained in Article 1, the United Kingdom´s ratification is subject to the understanding that none of its obligations under the Convention shall be treated as extending to the succession to, or possession and enjoyment of, the Throne, the peerage, titles of honour, social precedence or armorial bearings, or as extending to the affairs of religious denominations or orders or any act done for the prpose of ensuring the combat effectiveness of the Armed Forces of the Crown.
  .....
  "Article 9
  The British Nationality Act 1981, which was brought into force with effect from January 1983, is based on principles which do not allow of any discrimination against women within the meaning of Article 1 as regards acquisition, change or retention of their nationality or as regards the nationality of their children. The United Kingdom´s acceptance of Article 9 shall not, how ever, be taken to invalidate the continuation of certain temporary or transitional provisions which will continue in force beyond that date.
  .....
  "Article 11
  .....
  
  "The United Kingdom reserves the right to apply all United Kingdom legislation and the rules of pension schemes affecting retirement pensions, survivors´ benefits and other benefits in relation to death or retirement (including retirement on grounds of redundancy), whether or not derived from a Social Security scheme.
  "This reservation will apply equally to any future legislation which may modify or replace such legislation, or the rules of pension schemes, on the understanding that the terms of such legislation will be compatible with the United Kingdom´s obligations under the Convention.
  "The United Kingdom reserves the right to apply the following provisions of United Kingdom legislation concerning the benefits specified:
  
  .....
  
  b) increases of benefits for adult dependants under sections 44 to 47, 49 and 66 of the Social Security Act 1975 and under sections 44 to 47, 49 and 66 of the Social Security (Northern Ireland) Act 1975;
  .....
  The United Kingdom reserves the right to apply any non-discriminatory requirement for a qualifying period of employment or insurance for the application of the provisions contained in Article 11 (2).
  "Article 15
  ...
  "In relation to Article 15, paragraph 3, the United Kingdom understands the intention of this provision to be that only those terms or elements of a contract or other private instrument which are discriminatory in the sense described are to be deemed null and void, but not necessarily the contract or instrument as a whole.
  "Article 16
  As regards sub-paragraph 1 (f) of Article 16, the United Kingdom does not regard the reference to the paramountcy of the interests of the children as being directly relevant to the elimination of discrimination against women, and declares in this connection that the legislation of the United Kingdom regulating adoption, while giving a principal position to the promotion of the children´s welfare, does not give to the child´s interests the same paramount place as in issues concerning custody over children.
  ...
  "B. On behalf of the Isle of Man, the British Virgin Islands, the Falkland Islands, South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, and the Turks and Caicos Islands:
  [Same reservations as the one made on behalf of the United Kingdom under paragraphs A (a), (c), and (d) except that in the of case d) it applies to the territories and their laws).]
  Article 1
  [Same reservation as the one made in respect of the United Kingdom except with regard to the absence of a reference to United Kingdom legislation.]
  Article 2
  [Same reservation as the one made in respect of the United Kingdom except that reference is made to the laws of the territories, and not the laws of the United Kingdom.]
  Article 9
  [Same reservation as the one made in respect of the United Kingdom.]
  Article 11
  [Same reservation as those made in respect of the United Kingdom except that a reference is made to the laws of the territories, and not to the laws of the United Kingdom.]
  "Also, as far as the territories are concerned, the specific benefits listed and which may be applied under the provisions of these territories´ legislation are as follows:
  a) social security benefits for persons engaged in caring for a severely disabled person;
  b) increases of benefit for adult dependants;
  c) retirement pensions and survivors´ benefits;
  d) family income supplements.
  "This reservation will apply equally to any future legislation which may modify or replace any of the provisions specified in sub-paragraphs (a) to (d) above, on the understanding that the terms of such legislation will be compatible with the United Kingdom´s obligations under the Convention.
  "The United Kingdom reserves the right to apply any non-discriminatory requirement for a qualifying period of employment or insurance for the application of the provisions contained in Article 11 (2)."
  Article 13, 15 and 16
  [Same reservations as those made on behalf the United Kingdom.]
  
  
  Alueellinen soveltaminen: Sovelletaan myös Mansaareen, Brittiläisiin Neitsytsaariin, Falkandinsaariin, Etelä-Georgiaan ja Eteläisiin Sandwich-saariin ja Turks- ja Caicossaariin.

• ISRAEL

  Sitoutumispäivä: 03.10.1991 R
  Voimaantulopäivä: 02.11.1991
  Varauma:

  Reservations:
  "1. The State of Israel hereby expresses its reservation with regard to article 7 (b) of the Convention concerning the appointment of women to serve as judges of religious courts where this is prohibited by the laws of any of the religious communities in Israel. Otherwise, the said article is fully implemented in Israel, in view of the fact that women take a prominent part in all aspect of public life.
  "2. The State of Israel hereby expresses its reservation with regard to article 16 of the Convention, to the extent that the laws on personal status which are binding on the various religious communities in Israel do not conform with the provisions of that article."
  Declaration:
  "3. In accordance with paragraph 2 of article 29 of the Convention, the State of Israel hereby declares that it does not consider itself bound by paragraph 1 of that article."

• ITALIA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 10.06.1985 R
  Voimaantulopäivä: 10.07.1985
  Varauma:

  Upon signature:
  Reservation:
  Italy reserves the right to exercise, when depositing the instrument of ratification, the option provided for in article 19 of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties of 23 May 1969.

• ITÄ-TIMOR

  Sitoutumispäivä: 16.04.2003 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 16.05.2003

• ITÄVALTA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 31.03.1982 R
  Voimaantulopäivä: 30.04.1982

• JAMAIKA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 19.10.1984 R
  Voimaantulopäivä: 18.11.1984
  Varauma:

  The Government of Jamaica declares that it does not consider itself bound by the provisions of article 29, paragraph 1, of the Convention."

• JAPANI

  Sitoutumispäivä: 25.06.1985 R
  Voimaantulopäivä: 25.07.1985

• JEMEN

  Sitoutumispäivä: 30.05.1984 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 29.06.1984
  Varauma:

  The Government of the People´s Democratic Republic of Yemen declares that it does not consider itself bound by article 29, paragraph 1, of the said Convention, relating to the settlement of disputes which may arise concerning the application or interpretation of the Convention.

• JORDANIA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 01.07.1992 R
  Voimaantulopäivä: 31.07.1992
  Varauma:

  Declaration made upon signature and confirmed upon ratification:
  Jordan does not consider itself bound by the following provisions:
  1. Article 9, paragraph 2;
  2. Article 15, paragraph 4 (a wife´s residence is with her husband);
  3. Article 16, paragraph (1) (c), relating to the rights arising upon the dissolution of marriage with regard to maintenance and compensation;
  4. Article 16, paragraph (1) (d) and (g).

• JUGOSLAVIA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 12.03.2001 VS
  Voimaantulopäivä: 27.04.1992

• KAMBODZHA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 15.10.1992 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 14.11.1992

• KAMERUN

  Sitoutumispäivä: 23.08.1994 R
  Voimaantulopäivä: 22.09.1994

• KANADA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 10.12.1981 R
  Voimaantulopäivä: 09.01.1982

• KAP VERDE

  Sitoutumispäivä: 05.12.1980 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 03.09.1981

• KAZAKSTAN

  Sitoutumispäivä: 26.08.1998 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 25.09.1998

• KENIA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 09.03.1984 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 08.04.1984

• KESKI-AFRIKAN TASAVALTA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 21.06.1991 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 21.07.1991

• KIINA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 04.11.1980 R
  Voimaantulopäivä: 03.09.1981
  Varauma:

  Declaration made upon signature and confirmed upon ratification:
  The People´s Republic of China does not consider itself bound by paragraph 1 of article 29 of the Convention.
  
  Upon resuming the exercise of sovereignty over Hong Kong, China notified the Secretary-General that the Convention with the reservation made by China will also apply to the Hong Kong special Administrative Region.
  In addition, the notification made by the Government of China contained the following declarations:
  1. ...
  2. The Government of the People´s Republic of China understands, on behalf of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, the main purpose of the Convention, in the light of the definition contained in article 1, to be the reduction, in accordance with its terms, of discrimination against women, and does not therefore regard the Convention as imposing any requirement upon the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region to repeal or modify any of its existing laws, regulations, customs or practices which provide for women to be treated more favourably than men, whether temporarily or in the longer term. Undertakings by the Government of the People´s Republic of China on behalf of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region under article 4, paragraph 1, and other provisions of the Convention are to be construed accordingly.
  3. The Government of the People´s Republic of China reserves, for the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, the right to continue to apply relevant immigration legislation governing the entry into, stay in and departure from the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region as may be deemed necessary from time to time. Accordingly, acceptance of article 15, paragraph 4, and of the other provisions of the Convention is subject to the provisions of any such legislation as regards persons not at the time having the right under the laws of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region to enter and remain in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
  
  4. The Government of the People´s Republic of China understands, in the light of the definition contained in article 1, that none of its obligations under the Convention shall be treated as extending to the affairs of religious denominations or orders in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
  5. Laws applicable in the New Territories of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region which enable male indigenous villagers to exercise certain rights in respect of property and which provide for rent concessions in respect of land or property held by indigenous persons or their lawful successors through the male line will continue to [be] applied.
  6. The Government of the People´s Republic of China reserves, for the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, the right to apply all its legislation and the rules of pension schemes affecting retirement pensions, survivors´ benefits in relation to death or retirement (including retirement on ground of redundancy), whether or not derived from a social security scheme.
  This reservation will apply to any future legislation which may modify or replace such aforesaid legislation, or the rules of pension schemes, on the understanding that the terms of such legislation will be compatible with the Government of the People´s Republic of China´s obligations under the Convention in respect of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
  The Government of the People´s Republic of China reserves the right for the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region to apply any non-discriminatory requirement for a qualifying period of employment for the application of the provisions contained in article 11, paragraph 2 of the Convention.
  7. The Government of the People´s Republic of China understands, on behalf of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, the intention of article 15, paragraph 3, of the Convention to be that only those terms or elements of the contract or other private instrument which are discriminatory in the sense described are to be deemed null and void, but not necessarily the contract or instrument as a whole.
  
  Upon resuming the exercise of sovereignty over Macao, China notified the Secretary-General that the Convention with the reservation made by China will also apply to the Macao Special Administrative Region.
  
  
  Alueellinen soveltaminen: Sovelletaan myös Hongkongiin 1.7.1997 lukien ja Macaoon 20.12.1999 lukien.

• KIRGISIA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 10.02.1997 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 12.03.1997

• KIRIBATI

  Sitoutumispäivä: 17.03.2004 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 16.04.2004

• KOLUMBIA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 19.01.1982 R
  Voimaantulopäivä: 18.02.1982

• KOMORIT

  Sitoutumispäivä: 31.10.1994 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 30.11.1995

• KONGO-BRAZZAVILLE

  Sitoutumispäivä: 26.07.1982 R
  Voimaantulopäivä: 25.08.1982

• KONGO-KINSHASA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 17.10.1986 R
  Voimaantulopäivä: 16.11.1986

• KREIKKA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 07.06.1983 R
  Voimaantulopäivä: 07.07.1983

• KROATIA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 09.09.1992 VS
  Voimaantulopäivä: 08.10.1991

• KUUBA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 17.07.1980 R
  Voimaantulopäivä: 03.09.1981
  Varauma:

  Reservation:
  The Government of the Republic of Cuba makes a specific reservation concerning the provisions of article 29 of the Convention inasmuch as it holds that any disputes that may arise between States Parties should be resolved through direct negotiations through the diplomatic channel.

• KUWAIT

  Sitoutumispäivä: 02.09.1994 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 02.10.1994
  Varauma:

  Reservations:
  1. Article 7 (a)
  The Government of Kuwait enters a reservation regarding article 7 (a), inasmuch as the provision contained in that paragraph conflicts with the Kuwaiti Electoral Act, under which the right to be eligible for election and to vote is restricted to males.
  2. Article 9, paragraph 2
  The Government of Kuwait reserves its right not to implement the provision contained in article 9, paragraph 2, of the Convention, inasmuch as it runs counter to the Kuwaiti Nationality Act, which stipulates that a child´s nationality shall be determined by that of his father.
  3. Article 16 (f)
  The Government of the State of Kuwait declares that it does not consider itself bound by the provision contained in article 16 (f) inasmuch as it conflicts with the provisions of the Islamic Shariah , Islam being the official religion of the State.
  4. The Government of Kuwait declares that it is not bound by the provision contained in article 29, paragraph 1.

• KYPROS

  Sitoutumispäivä: 23.07.1985 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 22.08.1985

• LAOS

  Sitoutumispäivä: 14.08.1981 R
  Voimaantulopäivä: 13.09.1981

• LATVIA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 14.04.1992 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 14.05.1992

• LESOTHO

  Sitoutumispäivä: 22.08.1995 R
  Voimaantulopäivä: 21.09.1995
  Varauma:

  Reservation:
  "The Government of the Kingdom of Lesotho declares that it does not consider itself bound by article 2 to the extent that it conflicts with Lesotho´s constitutional stipulations relative to the succession to the throne of the Kingdom of Lesotho and law relating to the succession to chieftainship.

• LIBANON

  Sitoutumispäivä: 16.04.1997 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 21.05.1997
  Varauma:

  Reservations:
  The Government of the Lebanese Republic enters reservations regarding article 9 (2), and article 16 (1) (c) (d) (f) and (g) (regarding the right to choose a family name).
  In accordance with paragraph 2 of article 29, the Government of the Lebanese Republic declares that it does not consider itself bound by the provisions of paragraph 1 of that article.

• LIBERIA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 17.07.1984 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 16.08.1984

• LIBYA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 16.05.1989 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 15.06.1989
  Varauma:

  Reservation:
  1. Article 2 of the Convention shall be implemented with due regard for the peremptory norms of the Islamic Shariah relating to determination of the inheritance portions of the estate of a deceased person, whether female or male.
  2. The implementation of paragraph 16 (c) and (d) of the Convention shall be without prejudice to any of the rights guaranteed to women by the Islamic Shariah.

• LIECHTENSTEIN

  Sitoutumispäivä: 22.12.1995 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 21.01.1996
  Varauma:

  Reservation concerning article 1:
  "In the light of the definition given in article 1 of the Convention, the Principality of Liechtenstein reserves the right to apply, with respect to all the obligations of the Convention, article 3 of the Liechtenstein Constitution."

• LIETTUA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 18.01.1994 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 17.02.1994

• LUXEMBURG

  Sitoutumispäivä: 02.02.1989 R
  Voimaantulopäivä: 04.03.1989

• MACAO

  Sitoutumispäivä: -
  Voimaantulopäivä: -

• MADAGASKAR

  Sitoutumispäivä: 17.03.1989 R
  Voimaantulopäivä: 16.04.1989

• MAKEDONIA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 18.01.1994 VS
  Voimaantulopäivä: 17.09.1991

• MALAWI

  Sitoutumispäivä: 12.03.1987 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 11.04.1987

• MALEDIIVIT

  Sitoutumispäivä: 01.07.1993 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 31.07.1993
  Varauma:

  23 June 1999
  Reservations:
  "1. -
  2. The Government of the Republic of Maldives reserves its right to apply article 16 of the Convention concerning the equality of men and women in all matters relating to marriage and family relations without prejudice to the provisions of the Islamic Sharia, which govern all marital and family relations of the 100 percent Muslim population of the Maldives."

• MALESIA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 05.07.1995 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 04.08.1995
  Varauma:

  Reservations:
  The Government of Malaysia declares that Malaysia´s accession is subject to the understanding that the provisions of the Convention do not conflict with the provisions of the Islamic Sharia´ law and the Federal Constitution of Malaysia. With regard thereto, further, the Government of Malaysia does not consider itself bound by the provisions of articles 9(2), 16(1)(a), 16(1)(f) and 16(1)(g) of the aforesaid Convention.
  
  Declaration:
  In relation to article 11 of the Convention, Malaysia interprets the provisions of this article as a reference to the prohibition of discrimination on the basis of equality between men and women only.

• MALI

  Sitoutumispäivä: 10.09.1985 R
  Voimaantulopäivä: 10.10.1985

• MALTA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 08.03.1991 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 07.04.1991
  Varauma:

  Reservations:
  "A. Article 11
  The Government of Malta interprets paragraph 1 of article II, in the light of provisions of paragraph 2 of article 4, as not precluding prohibitions, restrictions, or conditions on the employment of women in certain areas, or the work done by them, where this is considered necessary or desirable to protect the health and safety of women or the human foetus, including such prohibitions, restrictions or conditions imposed in consequence of other international obligations of Malta.
  "B. Article 13
  (i) The Government of Malta reserves the right, notwithstanding anything in the Convention, to continue to apply its tax legislation which deems, in certain circumstances, the income of a married woman to be the income of her husband and taxable as such.
  (ii) The Government of Malta reserves the right to continue to apply its social security legislation which in certain circumstances makes certain benefits payable to the head of the household which is, by such legislation, presumed to be the husband.
  "C. Articles 13, 15, 16
  While the Government of Malta is committed to remove, in as far as possible, all aspects of family and property law which may be considered as discriminatory to females, it reserves the right to continue to apply present legislation in that regard until such time as the law is reformed and during such transitory period until those laws are completely superseded.
  "D. Article 16
  The Government of Malta does not consider itself bound by sub-paragraph (e) of paragraph (1) of article 16 in so far as the same may be interpreted as imposing an obligation on Malta to legalize abortion."

• MAROKKO

  Sitoutumispäivä: 21.06.1993 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 21.07.1993
  Varauma:

  Declarations:
  1. With regard to article 2:
  The Government of the Kingdom of Morocco express its readiness to apply the provisions of this article provided that:
  - They are without prejudice to the constitutional requirement that regulate the rules of succession to the throne of the Kingdom of Morocco;
  - They do not conflict with the provisions of the Islamic Shariah. It should be noted that certain of the provisions contained in the Moroccan Code of Personal Status according women rights that differ from the rights conferred on men may not be infringed upon or abrogated because they derive primarily from the Islamic Shariah, which strives, among its other objectives, to strike a balance between the spouses in order to preserve the coherence of family life.
  2. With regard to article 15, paragraph 4:
  The Government of the Kingdom of Morocco declares that it can only be bound by the provisions of this paragraph, in particular those relating to the right of women to choose their residence and domicile, to the extent that they are not incompatible with articles 34 and 36 of the Moroccan Code of Personal Status.
  Reservation:
  1. With regard to article 9, paragraph 2:
  (irtisanonut 8.4.2011)
  1. With regard to article 16:
  (irtisanonut 8.4.2011)
  1. With regard to article 29:
  The Government of the Kingdom of Morocco does not consider itself bound by the first paragraph of this article, which provides that `Any dispute between two or more States Parties concerning the interpretation or application of the present Convention which is not settled by negotiation shall, at the request of one of them, be submitted to arbitration.
  The Government of the Kingdom of Morocco is of the view that any dispute of this kind can only be referred to arbitration by agreement of all the parties to the dispute.

• MARSHALLINSAARET

  Sitoutumispäivä: 02.03.2006 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 01.04.2006

• MAURITANIA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 10.05.2001 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 09.06.2001
  Varauma:

  Reservation:
  Having seen and examined the United Nations Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women, adopted by the United Nations General Assembly on 18 December 1979, have approved and do approve it in each and every one of its parts which are not contrary to Islamic Sharia and are in accordance with our Constitution.

• MAURITIUS

  Sitoutumispäivä: 09.07.1984 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 08.08.1984
  Varauma:

  Reservation:
  "The Government of Mauritius does not consider itself bound by paragraph 1 of article 29 of the Convention, in pursuance of paragraph 2 of article 29."
  
  PARTIAL WITHDRAWAL OF RESERVATION 1
  On 25 July 2014, the Government of Mauritania informed the Secretary-General that it
  partially withdraws its general reservation made upon accession, which shall continue to apply in
  respect of articles 13 (a) and 16 of the Convention.
  In accordance with article 28(3) of the Convention, the notification of withdrawal of the above
  mentioned reservation takes effect on the date of its receipt by the Secretary-General, i.e. on
  25 July 2014.

• MEKSIKO

  Sitoutumispäivä: 23.03.1981 R
  Voimaantulopäivä: 03.09.1981
  Varauma:

  Upon signature:
  Declaration:
  In signing ad referendum the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women, which the General Assembly opened for signature by States on 18 December 1979, the Government of the United Mexican States wishes to place on record that it is doing so on the understanding that the provisions of the said Convention, which agree in all essentials with the provisions of Mexican legislation, will be applied in Mexico in accordance with the modalities and procedures prescribed by Mexican legislation and that the granting of material benefits in pursuance of the Convention will be as generous as the resources available to the Mexican State permit.

• MIKRONESIA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 01.09.2004 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 01.10.2004
  Varauma:

  Reservations
  1. The Government of the Federated States of Micronesia advises that it is not at present in a position to take the measures either required by Article 11(1)(d) of the Convention to enact comparable worth legislation, or by Article 11(2)(b) to enact maternity leave with pay or with comparable social benefits throughout the nation;
  2. The Government of the Federated States of Micronesia, in its capacity as trustee of the heritage of diversity within its States under Article V of its Constitution, reserves the right not to apply the provisions of Articles 2(f), 5, and 16 to the succession of certain well-established traditional titles, and to marital customs that divide tasks or decision-making in purely voluntary or consensual private conduct; and
  3. The Government of the Federated States of Micronesia does not consider itself bound by the provisions of Article 29(1) of the Convention, and takes the position that any dispute relating to the interpretation or application of the Convention may only be submitted to arbitration or to the International Court of Justice with the agreement of all parties to the dispute.

• MOLDOVA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 01.07.1994 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 31.07.1994

• MONACO

  Sitoutumispäivä: 18.03.2005 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 17.04.2005
  Varauma:

  Declarations
  
  1. The implementation of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women does not affect the validity of conventions concluded with France.
  
  2. The Principality of Monaco deems that the aims of the Convention are to eliminate all forms of discrimination against women and to guarantee every individual, irrespective of gender, equality before the law, when the aforementioned aims are in line with the principles stipulated in the Constitution.
  
  3. The Principality of Monaco declares that no provision in the Convention can be interpreted as impeding the provisions of the laws and regulations of Monaco that are more favourable to women than to men.
  
  Reservations
  
  1. The ratification of the Convention by the Principality of Monaco shall have no effect on the constitutional provisions governing the succession to the throne.
  
  2. The Principality of Monaco reserves the right not to apply the provisions of Article 7, paragraph b, of the Convention regarding recruitment to the police force.
  
  3. The Principality of Monaco does not consider itself bound by the provisions of Article 9 which are not compatible with its nationality laws.
  
  4. The Principality of Monaco does not consider itself bound by Article 16, paragraph 1(g), regarding the right to choose one's surname.
  
  5. The Principality of Monaco does not consider itself bound by Article 16, paragraph 1(e), to the extent that the latter can be interpreted as forcing the legalization of abortion or sterilization.
  
  6. The Principality of Monaco reserves the right to continue to apply its social security laws which, in certain circumstances, envisage the payment of certain benefits to the head of the household who, according to this legislation, is presumed to be the husband.
  
  7. The Principality of Monaco declares, in conformity with the provisions of Article 29, paragraph 2, that it does not consider itself bound by the provisions of the first paragraph of this article.

• MONGOLIA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 20.07.1981 R
  Voimaantulopäivä: 03.09.1981

• MONTENEGRO

  Sitoutumispäivä: 23.10.2006 VS
  Voimaantulopäivä: 03.06.2006

• MOSAMBIK

  Sitoutumispäivä: 21.04.1997 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 16.05.1997

• MYANMAR

  Sitoutumispäivä: 22.07.1997 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 21.08.1997
  Varauma:

  Reservation:
  Article 29
  "[The Government of Myanmar] does not consider itself bound by the provision set forth in the said article."

• NAMIBIA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 23.11.1992 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 23.12.1992

• NAURU

  Sitoutumispäivä: 23.06.2011 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 23.07.2011

• NEPAL

  Sitoutumispäivä: 22.04.1991 R
  Voimaantulopäivä: 22.05.1991

• NICARAGUA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 27.10.1981 R
  Voimaantulopäivä: 26.11.1981

• NIGER

  Sitoutumispäivä: 08.10.1999 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 07.11.1999
  Varauma:

  Reservations:
  Article 2, paragraphs (d) and (f)
  The Government of the Republic of the Niger expresses reservations with regard to article 2, paragraphs (d) and (f), concerning the taking of all appropriate measures to abolish all customs and practices which constitute discrimination against women, particularly in respect of succession.
  Article 5, paragraph (a)
  The Government of the Republic of the Niger expresses reservations with regard to the modification of social and cultural patterns of conduct of men and women.
  Article 15, paragraph 4
  The Government of the Republic of the Niger declares that it can be bound by the provisions of this paragraph, particularly those concerning the right of women to choose their residence and domicile, only to the extent that these provisions refer only to unmarried women.
  Article 16, paragraph 1 (c), (e) and (g)
  The Government of the Republic of the Niger expresses reservations concerning the above-referenced provisions of article 16, particularly those concerning the same rights and responsibilities during marriage and at its dissolution, the same rights to decide freely and responsibly on the number and spacing of their children, and the right to choose a family name.
  The Government of the Republic of the Niger declares that the provisions of article 2, paragraphs (d) and (f), article 5, paragraphs (a) and (b), article 15, paragraph 4, and article 16, paragraph 1 (c), (e) and (g), concerning family relations, cannot be applied immediately, as they are contrary to existing customs and practices which, by their nature, can be modified only with the passage of time and the evolution of society and cannot, therefore, be abolished by an act of authority.
  Article 29
  The Government of the Republic of the Niger expresses a reservation concerning article 29, paragraph 1, which provides that any dispute between two or more States concerning the interpretation or application of the present Convention which is not settled by negotiation shall, at the request of one of them, be submitted to arbitration.
  In the view of the Government of the Niger, a dispute of this nature can be submitted to arbitration only with the consent of all the parties to the dispute.
  Declaration
  The Government of the Republic of the Niger declares that the term "family education" which appears in article 5, paragraph (b), of the Convention should be interpreted as referring to public education concerning the family, and that in any event, article 5 would be applied in compliance with article 17 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.

• NIGERIA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 13.06.1985 R
  Voimaantulopäivä: 13.07.1985

• NORJA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 21.05.1981 R
  Voimaantulopäivä: 03.09.1981

• NORSUNLUURANNIKKO

  Sitoutumispäivä: 18.12.1995 R
  Voimaantulopäivä: 17.01.1996

• OMAN

  Sitoutumispäivä: 07.02.2006 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 09.03.2006
  Varauma:

  Reservations
  1. All provisions of the Convention not in accordance with the provisions of the Islamic sharia and legislation in force in the Sultanate of Oman;
  
  2. Article 9, paragraph 2, which provides that States Parties shall grant women equal rights with men with respect to nationality of their children;
  
  3. Article 15, paragraph 4, which provides that States Parties shall accord to men and women the same rights with regard to the law relating to the movement of persons and the freedom to choose their residence and domicile;
  
  4. Article 16, regarding the equality of men and women, and in particular subparagraphs (a), (c), and (f) (regarding adoption).
  
  5. The Sultanate is not bound by article 29, paragraph 1, regarding arbitration and the referral to the International Court of Justice of any dispute between two or more States which is not settled by negotiation.

• PAKISTAN

  Sitoutumispäivä: 12.03.1996 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 11.04.1996
  Varauma:

  Declaration:
  "The accession by [the] Government of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan to the [said Convention] is subject to the provisions of the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan."
  Reservation:
  "The Government of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan declares that it does not consider itself bound by paragraph 1 of article 29 of the Convention."

• PALESTIINALAISALUEET

  Sitoutumispäivä: 02.04.2014 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 02.05.2014

• PANAMA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 29.10.1981 R
  Voimaantulopäivä: 28.11.1981

• PAPUA-UUSI-GUINEA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 12.01.1995 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 11.02.1995

• PARAGUAY

  Sitoutumispäivä: 06.04.1987 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 06.05.1987

• PERU

  Sitoutumispäivä: 13.09.1982 R
  Voimaantulopäivä: 13.10.1982

• POHJOIS-KOREA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 27.02.2001 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 29.03.2001
  Varauma:

  Reservations:
  "The Government of the Democratic People´s Republic of Korea does not consider itself bound by the provisions of paragraph (f) of article 2, paragraph 2 of article 9 and paragraph 1 of article 29 of [the Convention]."

• PORTUGALI

  Sitoutumispäivä: 30.07.1980 R
  Voimaantulopäivä: 03.09.1981

• PUOLA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 30.07.1980 R
  Voimaantulopäivä: 03.09.1981

• PÄIVÄNTASAAJAN GUINEA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 23.10.1984 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 22.11.1984

• QATAR

  Sitoutumispäivä: 29.04.2009 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 29.05.2009
  Varauma:

  Reservations and declarations
  
  1. Reservations
  
  For the reasons explained below, the State of Qatar does not consider itself bound by the following provisions of the Convention:
  
  1. Article 2(a) in connection with the rules of the hereditary transmission of authority, as it is inconsistent with the provisions of article 8 of the Constitution.
  
  2. Article 9, paragraph 2, as it is inconsistent with Qatar's law on citizenship.
  
  3. Article 15, paragraph 1, in connection with matters of inheritance and testimony, as it is inconsistent with the provisions of Islamic law.
  
  4. Article 15, paragraph 4, as it is inconsistent with the provisions of family law and established practice.
  
  5. Article 16, paragraph 1(a) and (c), as they are inconsistent with the provisions of Islamic law.
  
  6. Article 16, paragraph 1(f), as it is inconsistent with the provisions of Islamic law and family law. The State of Qatar declares that all its relevant national legislation is conductive to the interest of promoting social solidarity.
  
  II Declarations
  
  1. The Government of the State of Qatar accepts the text of article 1 of the Convention provided that, in accordance with the provisions of Islamic law and Qatari legislation, the phrase "irrespective of their marital status" is not intended to encourage family relationships outside legitimate marriage. It reserves the right to implement the Convention in accordance with this understanding.
  
  2. The State of Qatar declares that the question of the modification of "patterns" referred to in article 5(a) must not be understood as encouraging women to abandon their role as mothers and their role in child-rearing, thereby undermining the structure of the family.
  
  3. In accordance with article 29, paragraph 2, of the Convention, the State of Qatar declares, under the terms of that text, that it does not consider itself bound by paragraph 1 of that article. Therefore, having studied and approved the Convention, we confirm by this instrument that we accept the Convention, accede to it and undertake to abide by its provisions, while affirming and bearing in mind the reservations and declarations mentioned above.

• RANSKA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 14.12.1983 R
  Voimaantulopäivä: 13.01.1984
  Varauma:

  Upon signature:
  The Government of the French Republic declares that article 9 of the Convention must not be interpreted as precluding the application of the second paragraph of article 96 of the code of French nationality.
  [All other declarations and reservations were confirmed in substance upon ratification.]
  
  Upon ratification:
  Declarations:
  The Government of the French Republic declares that the preamble to the Convention-in particular the eleventh preambular paragraph-contains debatable elements which are definitely out of place in this text.
  The Government of the French Republic declares that the term "family education" in article 5 (b) of the Convention must be interpreted as meaning public education concerning the family and that, in any event, article 5 will be applied subject to respect for article 17 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and article 8 of the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms.
  The Government of the French Republic declares that no provision of the Convention must be interpreted as prevailing over provisions of French legislation which are more favourable to women than to men.
  Reservations:
  Article 5 (b) and 16, 1 (d)
  1) -
  2) The Government of the French Republic declares that article 16, paragraph 1 (d), of the Convention must not preclude the application of article 383 of the Civil Code.
  Article 14
  1. -
  2. -
  Article 16 1 (g)
  -
  Article 29
  The Government of the French Republic declares, in pursuance of article 29, paragraph 2, of the Convention, that it will not be bound by the provisions of article 29, paragraph 1.

• ROMANIA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 07.01.1982 R
  Voimaantulopäivä: 06.02.1982

• RUANDA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 02.03.1981 R
  Voimaantulopäivä: 03.09.1981

• RUOTSI

  Sitoutumispäivä: 02.07.1980 R
  Voimaantulopäivä: 03.09.1981

• SAINT KITTS JA NEVIS

  Sitoutumispäivä: 25.04.1985 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 25.05.1985

• SAINT LUCIA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 08.10.1982 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 07.11.1982

• SAINT VINCENT JA GRENADIINIT

  Sitoutumispäivä: 04.08.1981 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 03.09.1981

• SAKSA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 10.07.1985 R
  Voimaantulopäivä: 09.08.1985
  Varauma:

  Declaration:
  The right of peoples to self-determination, as enshrined in the Charter of the United Nations and in the International Covenants of 19 December 1966, applies to all peoples and not only to those living ´under alien and colonial domination and foreign occupation´. All peoples thus have the inalienable right freely to determine their political status and freely to pursue their economic, social and cultural development. The Federal Republic of Germany would be unable to recognize as legally valid an interpretation of the right to self-determination which contradicts the unequivocal wording of the Charter of the United Nations and of the two International Covenants of 19 December 1966 on Civil and Political Rights and on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. It will interpret the 11th paragraph of the Preamble accordingly.

• SALOMONSAARET

  Sitoutumispäivä: 06.05.2002 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 05.06.2002

• SAMBIA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 21.06.1985 R
  Voimaantulopäivä: 21.07.1985

• SAMOA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 25.09.1992 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 25.10.1992

• SAN MARINO

  Sitoutumispäivä: 10.12.2003 R
  Voimaantulopäivä: 09.01.2004

• SAO TOME JA PRINCIPE

  Sitoutumispäivä: 03.06.2003 R
  Voimaantulopäivä: 03.07.2003

• SAUDI-ARABIA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 07.09.2000 R
  Voimaantulopäivä: 07.10.2000
  Varauma:

  Reservations:
  "1. In case of contradiction between any term of the Convention and the norms of islamic law, the Kingdom is not under obligation to observe the contradictory terms of the Convention.
  2. The Kingdom does not consider itself bound by paragraphe 2 of article 9 of the Convention and paragraph 1 of article 29 of the Convention."

• SENEGAL

  Sitoutumispäivä: 05.02.1985 R
  Voimaantulopäivä: 07.03.1985

• SERBIA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 12.03.2001 VS
  Voimaantulopäivä: -

• SEYCHELLIT

  Sitoutumispäivä: 05.05.1992 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 04.06.1992

• SIERRA LEONE

  Sitoutumispäivä: 11.11.1988 R
  Voimaantulopäivä: 11.12.1988

• SINGAPORE

  Sitoutumispäivä: 05.10.1995 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 04.11.1995
  Varauma:

  Reservations:
  (1) In the context of Singapore's multiracial and multi-religiuous society and the need to respect the freedom of minorities to practice their religious and personal laws, the Republic of Singapore reserves the right not to apply the provisions of article 2, paragraphs (a) to (f), and article 16, paragraphs 1(a), 1(c), 1(h), and article 16, paragraph 2, where compliance with these provisions would be contrary to their religious or personal laws.
  (2) -
  (3) Singapore interprets article 11, paragraph 1 in the light of the provisions of article 4, paragraph 2 as not precluding prohibitions, restrictions or conditions on the employment of women in certain areas, or on work done by them where this is considered necessary or desirable to protect the health and safety of women or the human foetus, including such prohibitions, restrictions or conditions imposed in consequence of other international obligations of Singapore and considers that legislation in respect of article 11 is unnecessary for the minority of women who do not fall within the ambit of Singapore´s employment legislation.
  (4) The Republic of Singapore declares, in pursuance of article 29, paragraph 2 of the Convention that it will not be bound by the provisions of article 29, paragraph 1.

• SLOVAKIA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 28.05.1993 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 01.01.1993

• SLOVENIA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 06.07.1992 VS
  Voimaantulopäivä: 25.06.1992

• SRI LANKA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 05.10.1981 R
  Voimaantulopäivä: 04.11.1981

• SURINAM

  Sitoutumispäivä: 01.03.1993 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 31.03.1993

• SVEITSI

  Sitoutumispäivä: 27.03.1997 R
  Voimaantulopäivä: 26.04.1997
  Varauma:

  (a) -
  (b) Reservation concerning article 16, paragraph 1 (g):
  Said provision shall be applied subject to the regulations on family name (Civil Code, article 160 and article 8 (a), final section);
  (c) Reservation concerning article 15, paragraph 2, and article 16, paragraph 1 (h):
  Said provisions shall be applied subject to several interim provisions of the matrimonial regime (Civil Code, articles 9 (e) and 10, final section).
  
  30 October 2013.
  In reference to the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against
  Women, done in New York on 18 December 1979, I have the honor, in the name of the Swiss Federal
  Council, to inform you that Switzerland withdraws its reservation formulated relating to article 16 (1)
  (g) of the said Convention.
  The reservation formulated at the time of the deposit of the instrument of accession by
  Switzerland on 27 March 1997 and withdrawn hereby, reads as follows:
  - Reservation concerning article 16, paragraph 1 (g): Said provision shall be applied subject to
  the regulations on family name (Civil Code, article 160 and article 8 (a), final section);
  The other reservations by Switzerland relating to this Convention and not yet withdrawn are
  maintained. For clarity, I specify in particular the maintenance of the following reservation relating to
  article 15, paragraph 2 and to article 16, paragraph 1 (h) of the Convention on the Elimination of All
  Forms of Discrimination against Women:"Said provisions shall be applied subject to several interim
  provisions of the matrimonial regime (Civil Code, articles 9 (e) and 10, final section)".

• SWAZIMAA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 26.03.2004 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 25.04.2004

• SYYRIA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 28.03.2003 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 27.04.2003
  Varauma:

  ...subject to reservations to article 2; article 9, paragraph 2, concerning the grant of a woman´s nationality to her children; article 15, paragraph 4, concerning freedom of movement and of residence and domicile; article 16, paragraph 1 (c), (d), (f) and (g), concerning equal rights and responsibilities during marriage and at its dissolution with regard to guardianship, the right to choose a family name, maintenance and adoption, article 16, paragraph 2, concerning the legal effect of the betrothal and the marriage of a child, inasmuch as this provision is incompatible with the provisions of the Islamic Shariah; and article 29, paragraph 1, concerning arbitration between States in the event of a dispute.
  
  The accession of the Syrian Arab Republic to this Convention shall in no way signify recognition of Israel or entail entry into any dealings with Israel in the context of the provisions of the Convention.

• TADZHIKISTAN

  Sitoutumispäivä: 26.10.1993 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 25.11.1993

• TANSANIA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 20.08.1985 R
  Voimaantulopäivä: 19.09.1985

• TANSKA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 21.04.1983 R
  Voimaantulopäivä: 21.05.1983

• THAIMAA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 09.08.1985 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 08.09.1985
  Varauma:

  Declaration:
  The Royal Thai Government wishes to express its understanding that the purposes of the Convention are to eliminate discrimination against women and to accord to every person, men and women alike, equality before the law, and are in accordance with the principles prescribed by the Constitution of the Kingdom of Thailand.
  Reservation:
  ....
  3. The Royal Thai Government does not consider itself bound by the provisions of [...] and article 29, paragraph 1, of the Convention.

• TOGO

  Sitoutumispäivä: 26.09.1983 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 26.10.1983

• TRINIDAD JA TOBAGO

  Sitoutumispäivä: 12.01.1990 R
  Voimaantulopäivä: 11.02.1990
  Varauma:

  Reservation made upon signature and confirmed upon ratification:
  "The Republic of Trinidad and Tobago declares that it does not consider itself bound by article 29 (1) of the said Convention, relating to the settlement of disputes."

• TSHAD

  Sitoutumispäivä: 09.06.1995 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 09.07.1995

• TSHEKKI

  Sitoutumispäivä: 22.02.1993 VS
  Voimaantulopäivä: 01.01.1993

• TUNISIA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 20.09.1985 R
  Voimaantulopäivä: 20.10.1985
  Varauma:

  1. General declaration:
  The Tunisian Government declares that it shall not take any organizational or legislative decision in conformity with the requirements of this Convention where such a decision would conflict with the provisions of chapter I of the Tunisian Constitution.
  2. Reservation concerning article 9, paragraph 2:
  The Tunisian Government expresses its reservation with regard to the provisions in article 9, paragraph 2 of the Convention, which must not conflict with the provisions of chapter VI of the Tunisian Nationality Code.
  3. Reservation concerning article 16, paragraphs (c), (d), (f), (g) and (h):
  The Tunisian Government considers itself not bound by article 16, paragraphs (c), (d) and (f) of the Convention and declares that paragraphs (g) and (h) of that article must not conflict with the provisions of the Personal Status Code concerning the granting of family names to children and the acquisition of property through inheritance.
  4. Reservation concerning article 29, paragraph 1:
  The Tunisian Government declares, in conformity with the requirements of article 29, paragraph 2 of the Convention, that it shall not be bound by the provisions of paragraph 1 of that article which specify that any dispute between two or more States Parties concerning the interpretation or application of the present Convention which is not settled by negotiation shall be referred to the International Court of Justice at the request of any one of those parties.
  The Tunisian Government considers that such disputes should be submitted for arbitration or consideration by the International Court of Justice only with the consent of all parties to the dispute.
  5. Declaration concerning article 15, paragraph 4:
  In accordance with the provisions of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, dated 23 May 1969, the Tunisian Government emphasizes that the requirements of article 15, paragraph 4, of the Convention on the Elimination of All forms of Discrimination against Women, and particularly that part relating to the right of women to choose their residence and domicile, must not be interpreted in a manner which conflicts with the provisions of the Personal Status Code on this subject, as set forth in chapters 23 and 61 of the Code.
  
  WITHDRAWAL OF THE DECLARATION WITH REGARD TO ARTICLE 15(4) AND
  OF THE RESERVATIONS TO ARTICLES 9(2), 16 (C), (D), (F), (G), (H) AND 29(1) MADE
  UPON RATIFICATION 1
  On 17 April 2014, the Government of the Republic of Tunisia notified the Secretary-General of its decision to withdraw the declaration with regard to article 15(4) of the Convention and the reservations to articles 9(2), 16 (c), (d), (f), (g), (h) and 29(1) of the Convention made upon ratification. The remaining declaration will now read as follows: The Tunisian Government declares that it shall not take any organizational or legislative decision in conformity with the requirements of this Convention where such a decision would conflict with the provisions of chapter I of the Tunisian Constitution.
  In accordance with article 28(3) of the Convention, the notification of withdrawal of the above mentioned reservations takes effect on the date of its receipt by the Secretary-General, i.e. on 17 April 2014.

• TURKKI

  Sitoutumispäivä: 20.12.1985 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 19.01.1986
  Varauma:

  Reservations:
  "Reservations of the Government of the Republic of Turkey with regard to the articles of the Convention dealing with family relations which are not completely compatible with the provisions of the Turkish Civil Code, in particular, article 15, paragraphs 2 and 4, and article 16, paragraphs 1 (c), (d), (f) and (g), as well as with respect to article 29, paragraph 1. In pursuance of article 29, paragraph 2 of the Convention, the Government of the Republic of Turkey declares that it does not consider itself bound by paragraph 1 of this article."
  20 Septembre 1999
  "[...] the Government of the Republic of Turkey has decided to withdraw its reservations made upon signature and confirmed upon ratification of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women with regard to article 15, paragraphs 2 and 4, and article 16, paragraphs 1 (c), (d), (f) and (g).
  [...] the reservation and declaration made upon signature and confirmed upon ratification by the Government of Turkey with respect to article 29, paragraph 1, and article 9, paragraph 1 of the Convention, respectively, continue to apply.".

• TURKMENISTAN

  Sitoutumispäivä: 01.05.1997 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 31.05.1997

• TUVALU

  Sitoutumispäivä: 06.10.1999 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 05.11.1999

• UGANDA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 22.07.1985 R
  Voimaantulopäivä: 21.08.1985

• UKRAINA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 12.03.1981 R
  Voimaantulopäivä: 03.09.1981

• UNKARI

  Sitoutumispäivä: 22.12.1980 R
  Voimaantulopäivä: 03.09.1981

• URUGUAY

  Sitoutumispäivä: 09.10.1981 R
  Voimaantulopäivä: 08.11.1981

• UUSI-SEELANTI

  Sitoutumispäivä: 10.01.1985 R
  Voimaantulopäivä: 09.02.1985
  Varauma:

  Reservations:
  "The Government of Niue reserve the right not to apply the provisions of the Convention in so far as they are inconsistent with policies relating to recruitment into or service in
  (a) the Armed Forces which reflect either directly or indirectly the fact that members of such forces are required to serve on armed forces aircraft or vessels and in situations involving armed combat
  or
  (b) the law enforcement forces which reflect either directly or indirectly the fact that members of such forces are required to serve in situations involving violence or threat of violence.
  ...
  Tokelaun osalta:
  "The Government of New Zealand and the Government of Niue reserve the right not to apply the provisions of article 11 (2) (b).
  
  
  Alueellinen soveltaminen: Sovelletaan myös Cooksaariin ja Niueen.

• UZBEKISTAN

  Sitoutumispäivä: 19.07.1995 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 18.08.1995

• VALKO-VENÄJÄ

  Sitoutumispäivä: 04.02.1981 R
  Voimaantulopäivä: 03.09.1981

• VANUATU

  Sitoutumispäivä: 08.09.1995 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 08.10.1995

• VENEZUELA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 02.05.1983 R
  Voimaantulopäivä: 01.06.1983
  Varauma:

  Reservation made upon ratification confirming in substance the reservation made upon signature:
  Venezuela makes a formal reservation with regard to article 29, paragraph 1, of the Convention, since it does not accept arbitration or the jurisdiction of the International Court of Justice for the settlement of disputes concerning the interpretation or application of this Convention.

• VENÄJÄ

  Sitoutumispäivä: 23.01.1981 R
  Voimaantulopäivä: 03.09.1981

• VIETNAM

  Sitoutumispäivä: 17.02.1982 R
  Voimaantulopäivä: 19.03.1982
  Varauma:

  Reservation:
  In implementing this Convention, the Socialist Republic of Viet Nam will not be bound by the provisions of paragraph 1 article 29.

• VIRO

  Sitoutumispäivä: 21.10.1991 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 20.11.1991

• ZIMBABWE

  Sitoutumispäivä: 13.05.1991 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 12.06.1991