Finlex ®

Internationell konvention om ekonomiska, sociala och kulturella rättigheter

International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights

Osapuolet

• AFGANISTAN

  Sitoutumispäivä: 24.01.1983 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 24.04.1983
  Varauma:

  Declaration:
  The presiding body of the Revolutionary Council of the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan declares that the provisions of paragraphs 1 and 3 of article 48 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and provisions of paragraphs 1 and 3 of article 26 of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, according to which some countries cannot join the aforesaid Covenants, contradicts the International character of the aforesaid Treaties. Therefore, according to the equal rights of all States to sovereignty, both Covenants should be left open for the purpose of the participation of all States.

• ALANKOMAAT

  Sitoutumispäivä: 11.12.1978 R
  Voimaantulopäivä: 11.03.1979
  Varauma:

  Reservation with respect to Article 8, paragraph 1 (d)
  "The Kingdom of the Netherlands does not accept this provision in the case of the Netherlands Antilles with regard to the latter?s central and local government bodies." [The Kingdom of the Netherlands] clarify that although it is not certain whether the reservation [...] is necessary, [it] has preferred the form of a reservation to that of a declaration. In this way the Kingdom of the Netherlands wishes to ensure that the relevant obligation under the Covenant does not apply to the Kingdom as far as the Netherlands Antilles is concerned."
  
  
  Alueellinen soveltaminen: Sovelletaan my?s Alankomaiden Antilleihin ja Arubaan.

• ALBANIA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 04.10.1991 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 04.01.1992

• ALGERIA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 12.09.1989 R
  Voimaantulopäivä: 12.12.1989
  Varauma:

  Interpretative declarations:
  1. The Algerian Government interprets article 1, which is common to the two Covenants, as in no case impairing the inalienable right of all peoples to self-determination and to control over their natural wealth and resources.
  It further considers that the maintenance of the State of dependence of certain territories referred to in article 1, paragraph 3, of the two Covenants and in article 14 of the Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights is contrary to the purposes and principles of the United Nations, to the Charter of the Organization and to the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples [General Assembly resolution 1514 (XV)].
  2. The Algerian Government interprets the provisions of article 8 of the Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights and article 22 of the Covenant on Civil and Political Rights as making the law the framework for action by the State with respect to the organization and exercise of the right to organize.
  3. The Algerian Government considers that the provisions of article 13, paragraphs 3 and 4, of the Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights can in no case impair its right freely to organize its educational system.
  4. The Algerian Government interprets the provisions of article 23, paragraph 4, of the Covenant on Civil and Political Rights regarding the rights and responsibilities of spouses as to marriage, during marriage and at its dissolution as in no way impairing the essential foundations of the Algerian legal system.

• ANGOLA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 10.01.1992 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 10.04.1992

• ANTIGUA JA BARBUDA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 03.07.2019 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 03.10.2019

• ARGENTIINA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 08.08.1986 R
  Voimaantulopäivä: 08.11.1986

• ARMENIA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 13.09.1993 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 13.12.1993

• AUSTRALIA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 10.12.1975 R
  Voimaantulopäivä: 10.03.1976

• AZERBAIDZHAN

  Sitoutumispäivä: 13.08.1992 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 13.11.1992

• BAHAMA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 23.12.2008 R
  Voimaantulopäivä: 23.03.2009
  Varauma:

  Declaration
  The Government of the Bahamas interprets non-discrimination as to national origin as not necessarily implying an obligation on States automatically to guarantee to foreigners the same rights as to their nationals. The term should be understood to refer to the elimination of any arbitrary behavior but not of differences in treatment based on objective and reasonable considerations, in conformity with principles prevailing in democratic societies.

• BAHRAIN

  Sitoutumispäivä: 27.09.2007 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 27.12.2007
  Varauma:

  Declaration
  
  The obligation of the Kingdom of Bahrain to implement article 8, paragraph 1 (d), of the Covenant shall not prejudice its right to prohibit strikes at essential utilities.

• BANGLADESH

  Sitoutumispäivä: 05.10.1998 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 05.01.1999
  Varauma:

  Declarations:
  "Article 1:
  It is the understanding of the Government of the People?s Republic of Bangladesh that the words "the right of self-determination of Peoples" appearing in this article apply in the historical context of colonial rule, administration, foreign domination, occupation and similar situations.
  Articles 2 and 3:
  The Government of the People?s Republic of Bangladesh will implement articles 2 and 3 in so far as they relate to equality between man and woman, in accordance with the relevant provisions of its Constitution and in particular, in respect to certain aspects of economic rights viz. law of inheritance.
  Articles 7 and 8:
  The Government of the People?s Republic of Bangladesh will apply articles 7 and 8 under the conditions and in conformity with the procedures established in the Constitution and the relevant legislation of Bangladesh.
  Articles 10 and 13:
  While the Government of the People?s Republic of Bangladesh accepts the provisions embodied in articles 10 and 13 of the Covenant in principle, it will implement the said provisions in a progressive manner, in keeping with the existing economic conditions and the development plans of the country."

• BARBADOS

  Sitoutumispäivä: 05.01.1973 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 03.01.1976
  Varauma:

  "The Government of Barbados states that it reserves the right to postpone-
  "(a) The application of sub-paragraph (a) (1) of article 7 of the Covenant in so far as it concerns the provision of equal pay to men and women for equal work;
  "(b) The application of article 10 (2) in so far as it relates to the special protection to be accorded mothers during a reasonable period during and after childbirth; and
  "(c) The application of article 13 (2) (a) of the Covenant, in so far as it relates to primary education; since, while the Barbados Government fully accepts the principles embodied in the same articles and undertakes to take the necessary steps to apply them in their entirety, the problems of implementation are such that full application of the principles in question cannot be guaranteed at this stage."

• BELGIA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 21.04.1983 R
  Voimaantulopäivä: 21.07.1983
  Varauma:

  Interpretative declarations:
  1. With respect to article 2, paragraph 2, the Belgian Government interprets non-discrimination as to national origin as not necessarily implying an obligation on States automatically to guarantee to foreigners the same rights as to their nationals. The term should be understood to refer to the elimination of any arbitrary behaviour but not of differences in treatment based on objective and reasonable considerations, in conformity with the principles prevailing in democratic societies.
  2. With respect to article 2, paragraph 3, the Belgian Government understands that this provision cannot infringe the principle of fair compensation in the event of expropriation or nationalization.

• BENIN

  Sitoutumispäivä: 12.03.1992 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 12.06.1992

• BOLIVIA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 12.08.1982 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 12.11.1982

• BOSNIA-HERTSEGOVINA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 01.09.1993 VS
  Voimaantulopäivä: 06.03.1992

• BRASILIA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 24.01.1992 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 24.04.1992

• BULGARIA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 21.09.1970 R
  Voimaantulopäivä: 03.01.1976
  Varauma:

  "The People?s Republic of Bulgaria deems it necessary to underline that the provisions of article 48, paragraphs l and 3, of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, and article 26, paragraphs 1 and 3, of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, under which a number of States are deprived of the opportunity to become parties to the Covenants, are of a discriminatory nature. These provisions are inconsistent with the very nature of the Covenants, which are universal in character and should be open for accession by all States. In accordance with the principle of sovereign equality, no State has the right to bar other States from becoming parties to a covenant of this kind."

• BURKINA FASO

  Sitoutumispäivä: 04.01.1999 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 04.04.1999

• BURUNDI

  Sitoutumispäivä: 09.05.1990 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 09.08.1990

• CHILE

  Sitoutumispäivä: 10.02.1972 R
  Voimaantulopäivä: 03.01.1976

• COSTA RICA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 29.11.1968 R
  Voimaantulopäivä: 03.01.1976

• DJIBOUTI

  Sitoutumispäivä: 05.11.2002 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 05.02.2003

• DOMINICA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 17.06.1993 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 17.09.1993

• DOMINIKAANINEN TASAVALTA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 04.01.1978 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 04.04.1978

• ECUADOR

  Sitoutumispäivä: 06.03.1969 R
  Voimaantulopäivä: 03.01.1976

• EGYPTI

  Sitoutumispäivä: 14.01.1982 R
  Voimaantulopäivä: 14.04.1982
  Varauma:

  Declaration:
  ... Taking into consideration the provisions of the Islamic Sharia and the fact that they do not conflict with the text annexed to the instrument, we accept, support and ratifiy it ... .

• EL SALVADOR

  Sitoutumispäivä: 30.11.1979 R
  Voimaantulopäivä: 29.02.1980

• ERITREA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 17.04.2001 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 17.07.2001

• ESPANJA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 27.04.1977 R
  Voimaantulopäivä: 27.07.1977

• ETELÄ-KOREA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 10.04.1990 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 10.07.1990

• ETIOPIA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 11.06.1993 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 11.09.1993

• FIDZHI

  Sitoutumispäivä: 16.08.2018 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: -

• FILIPPIINIT

  Sitoutumispäivä: 07.06.1974 R
  Voimaantulopäivä: 03.01.1976

• GABON

  Sitoutumispäivä: 21.01.1983 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 21.04.1983

• GAMBIA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 29.12.1978 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 29.03.1979

• GEORGIA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 03.05.1994 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 03.08.1994

• GHANA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 07.09.2000 R
  Voimaantulopäivä: 07.12.2000

• GRENADA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 06.09.1991 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 06.12.1991

• GUATEMALA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 19.05.1988 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 19.08.1988

• GUINEA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 24.01.1978 R
  Voimaantulopäivä: 24.04.1978
  Varauma:

  In accordance with the principle whereby all States whose policies are guided by the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations are entitled to become parties to covenants affecting the interests of the international community, the Government of the Republic of Guinea considers that the provisions of article 26, paragraph 1, of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights are contrary to the principle of the universality of international treaties and the democratization of international relations.
  The Government of the Republic of Guinea likewise considers that article 1, paragraph 3, and the provisions of article 14 of that instrument are contrary to the provisions of the Charter of the United Nations, in general, and United Nations resolutions on the granting of independence to colonial countries and peoples, in particular.
  The above provisions are contrary to the Declaration on Principles of International Law Concerning Friendly Relations and Cooperation among States contained in General Assembly resolution 2625 (XXV), pursuant to which every State has the duty to promote realization of the principle of equal rights and self-determination of peoples in order to put an end to colonialism.

• GUINEA-BISSAU

  Sitoutumispäivä: 02.07.1992 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 02.10.1992

• GUYANA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 15.02.1977 R
  Voimaantulopäivä: 15.05.1977

• HAITI

  Sitoutumispäivä: 08.10.2013 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 08.01.2014

• HONDURAS

  Sitoutumispäivä: 17.02.1981 R
  Voimaantulopäivä: 17.05.1981

• HONGKONG

  Sitoutumispäivä: -
  Voimaantulopäivä: -

• INDONESIA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 23.02.2006 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 23.05.2006
  Varauma:

  Declaration
  With reference to Article 1 of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, the Government of [the] Republic of Indonesia declares that, consistent with the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countires and Peoples, and the Declaration on Principles of International Law concerning Friendly Relations and Cooperation among States, and the relevant paragraph of the Vienna Declaration and Program of Action of 1993, the words "the right of self-determination" appearing in this article do not apply to a section of people within a sovereign independent state and can not be construed as authorizing or encouraging any action which would dismember or impair, totally or in part, the territorial integrity or political unity of sovereign and independent states.

• INTIA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 10.04.1979 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 10.07.1979
  Varauma:

  Declarations:
  "I. With reference to article 1 of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights and article 1 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, the Government of the Republic of India declares that the words `the right of self-determination?? appearing in [this article] apply only to the peoples under foreign domination and that these words do not apply to sovereign independent States or to a section of a people or nation--which is the essence of national integrity.
  "II. With reference to article 9 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, the Government of the Republic of India takes the position that the provisions of the article shall be so applied as to be in consonance with the provisions of clauses (3) to (7) of article 22 of the Constitution of India. Further under the Indian Legal System, there is no enforceable right to compensation for persons claiming to be victims of unlawful arrest or detention against the State.
  "III. With respect to article 13 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, the Government of the Republic of India reserves its right to apply its law relating to foreigners.
  "IV. With reference to articles 4 and 8 of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, the Government of the Republic of India declares that the provisions of the said [article] shall be so applied as to be in conformity with the provisions of article 19 of the Constitution of India.
  "V. With reference to article 7 (c) of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, the Government of the Republic of India declares that the provisions of the said article shall be so applied as to be in conformity with the provisions of article 16(4) of the Constitution of India."

• IRAK

  Sitoutumispäivä: 25.01.1971 R
  Voimaantulopäivä: 03.01.1976
  Varauma:

  Upon signature and confirmed upon ratification:
  "The entry of the Republic of Iraq as a party to the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights shall in no way signify recognition of Israel nor shall it entail any obligation towards Israel under the said two Covenants."
  "The entry of the Republic of Iraq as a party to the above two Covenants shall not constitute entry by it as a party to the Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights."
  Upon ratification:
  "Ratification by Iraq ... shall in no way signify recognition of Israel nor shall it be conducive to entry with her into such dealings as are regulated by the said [Covenant]."

• IRAN

  Sitoutumispäivä: 24.06.1975 R
  Voimaantulopäivä: 03.01.1976

• IRLANTI

  Sitoutumispäivä: 08.12.1989 R
  Voimaantulopäivä: 08.03.1990
  Varauma:

  Reservations:
  "Article 2, paragraph 2
  In the context of Government policy to foster, promote and encourage the use of the Irish language by all appropriate means, Ireland reserves the right to require, or give favourable consideration to, a knowledge of the Irish language for certain occupations.
  Article 13, paragraph 2 (a)
  Ireland recognises the inalienable right and duty of parents to provide for the education of children, and, while recognising the State?s obligations to provide for free primary education and requiring that children receive a certain minimum education, nevertheless reserves the right to allow parents to provide for the education of their children in their homes provided that these minimum standards are observed."

• ISLANTI

  Sitoutumispäivä: 22.08.1979 R
  Voimaantulopäivä: 22.11.1979

• ISO-BRITANNIA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 20.05.1976 R
  Voimaantulopäivä: 20.08.1976
  Varauma:

  Upon signature:
  "First, the Government of the United Kingdom declare their understanding that, by virtue of article 103 of the Charter of the United Nations, in the event of any conflict between their obligations under article 1 of the Covenant and their obligations under the Charter (in particular, under articles 1, 2 and 73 thereof) their obligations under the Charter shall prevail.
  "Secondly, the Government of the United Kingdom declare that they must reserve the right to postpone the application of sub-paragraph (a) (i) of article 7 of the Covenant in so far as it concerns the provision of equal pay to men and women for equal work, since, while they fully accept this principle and are pledged to work towards its complete application at the earliest possible time, the problems of implementation are such that complete application cannot be guaranteed at present.
  "Thirdly, the Government of the United Kingdom declare that, in relation to article 8 of the Covenant, they must reserve the right not to apply sub-paragraph (b) of paragraph 1 in Hong Kong, in so far as it may involve the right of trade unions not engaged in the same trade or industry to establish federations or confederations.
  "Lastly, the Government of the United Kingdom declare that the provisions of the Covenant shall not apply to Southern Rhodesia unless and until they inform the Secretary-General of the United Nations that they are in a position to ensure that the obligations imposed by the Covenant in respect of that territory can be fully implemented."
  Upon ratification:
  "Firstly, the Government of the United Kingdom maintain their declaration in respect of article 1 made at the time of signature of the Covenant.
  "The Government of the United Kingdom declare that for the purposes of article 2 (3) the British Virgin Islands, the Cayman Islands, the Gilbert Islands, the Pitcairn Islands Group, St. Helena and Dependencies, the Turks and Caicos Islands and Tuvalu are developing countries.
  "The Government of the United Kingdom reserve the right to interpret article 6 as not precluding the imposition of restrictions, based on place of birth or residence qualifications, on the taking of employment in any particular region or territory for the purpose of safeguarding the employment opportunities of workers in that region or territory.
  "The Government of the United Kingdom reserve the right to postpone the application of sub-paragraph (i) of paragraph (a) of article 7, in so far as it concerns the provision of equal pay to men and women for equal work in the private sector in Jersey, Guernsey, the Isle of Man, Bermuda, Hong Kong and the Solomon Islands.
  "The Government of the United Kingdom reserve the right not to apply sub-paragraph 1(b) of article 8 in Hong Kong.
  "The Government of the United Kingdom while recognising the right of everyone to social security in accordance with article 9 reserve the right to postpone implementation of the right in the Cayman Islands and the Falkland Islands because of shortage of resources in these territories.
  "The Government of the United Kingdom reserve the right to postpone the application of paragraph 1 of article 10 in regard to a small number of customary marriages in the Solomon Islands and the application of paragraph 2 of article 10 in so far as it concerns paid maternity leave in Bermuda and the Falkland Islands.
  "The Government of the United Kingdom maintain the right to postpone the application of sub-paragraph (a) of paragraph 2 of article 13, and article 14, in so far as they require compulsory primary education, in the Gilbert Islands, the Solomon Islands and Tuvalu.
  "Lastly the Government of the United Kingdom declare that the provisions of the Covenant shall not apply to Southern Rhodesia unless and until they inform the Secretary-General of the United Nations that they are in a position to ensure that the obligations imposed by the Covenant in respect of that territory can be fully implemented."
  
  
  Alueellinen soveltaminen: Bailiwick of Guernsey, the Bailiwick of Jersey, Mansaari, Bermuda, Brittil?iset Neitsytsaaret, Caymansaaret, Falklandinsaaret ja niiden alaiset alueet, Gibraltar, Gilbertsaaret, Montserrat, Pitcairnsaaret, St. Helena ja sen alaiset alueet, Turks- ja Caicossaaret.

• ISRAEL

  Sitoutumispäivä: 03.10.1991 R
  Voimaantulopäivä: 03.01.1992

• ITALIA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 15.09.1978 R
  Voimaantulopäivä: 15.12.1978

• ITÄ-TIMOR

  Sitoutumispäivä: 16.04.2003 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 16.07.2003

• ITÄVALTA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 10.09.1978 R
  Voimaantulopäivä: 10.12.1978

• JAMAIKA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 03.10.1975 R
  Voimaantulopäivä: 03.01.1976

• JAPANI

  Sitoutumispäivä: 21.06.1979 R
  Voimaantulopäivä: 21.09.1979
  Varauma:

  Reservations and declarations made upon signature and con firmed upon ratification:
  "1. In applying the provisions of paragraph (d) of article 7 of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, Japan reserves the right not be bound by ????remuneration for public holidays???? referred to in the said provisions.
  "2. Japan reserves the right not to be bound by the provisions of sub-paragraph (d) of paragraph 1 of article 8 of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, except in relation to the sectors in which the right referred to in the said provisions is accorded in accordance with the laws and regulations of Japan at the time of ratification of the Covenant by the Government of Japan.
  "3.-
  "4. Recalling the position taken by the Government of Japan, when ratifying the Convention (No. 87) concerning Freedom of Association and Protection of the Right to Organise, that `the police???? referred to in article 9 of the said Convention be interpreted to include the fire service of Japan, the Government of Japan declares that `members of the police???? referred to in paragraph 2 of article 8 of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights as well as in paragraph 2 of article 22 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights be interpreted to include fire service personnel of Japan."

• JEMEN

  Sitoutumispäivä: 09.02.1987 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 09.05.1987
  Varauma:

  The accession of the People?s Democratic Republic of Yemen to this Covenant shall in no way signify recognition of Israel or serve as grounds for the establishment of relations of any sort with Israel.

• JORDANIA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 28.05.1975 R
  Voimaantulopäivä: 03.01.1976

• JUGOSLAVIA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 12.03.2001 VS
  Voimaantulopäivä: 27.04.1992

• KAMBODZHA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 26.05.1992 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 26.08.1992

• KAMERUN

  Sitoutumispäivä: 27.06.1984 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 27.09.1984

• KANADA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 19.05.1976 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 19.08.1976

• KAP VERDE

  Sitoutumispäivä: 06.08.1993 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 06.11.1993

• KAZAKSTAN

  Sitoutumispäivä: 24.01.2006 R
  Voimaantulopäivä: 24.04.2006

• KENIA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 01.05.1972 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 03.01.1976
  Varauma:

  "While the Kenya Government recognizes and endorses the principles laid down in paragraph 2 of article 10 of the Covenant, the present circumstances obtaining in Kenya do not render necessary or expedient the imposition of those principles by legislation."

• KESKI-AFRIKAN TASAVALTA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 08.05.1981 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 08.08.1981

• KIINA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 27.03.2001 R
  Voimaantulopäivä: 27.06.2001
  Varauma:

  Statement made upon signature and confirmed upon ratification:
  The signature that the Taiwan authorities affixed, by usurping the name of "China", to the [said Covenant] on 5 October 1967, is illegal and null and void.
  Statement made upon ratification:
  In accordance with the Decision made by the Standing Committee of the Ninth National People?s Congress of the People?s Republic of China at its Twentieth Session, the President of the People?s Republic of China hereby ratifies The International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, which was signed by Mr. Qin Huasun on behalf of the People?s Republic of China on 27 October 1997, and declares the following:
  1. The application of Article 8.1 (a) of the Covenant to the People?s Republic of China shall be consistent with the relevant provisions of the Constitution of the People?s Republic of China, Trade Union Law of the People?s Republic of China and Labor Law of the People?s Republic of China;
  2. In accordance with the official notes addressed to the Secretary-General of the United Nations by the Permanent Representative of the People?s Republic of China to the United Nations on 20 June 1997 and 2 December 1999 respectively, the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights shall be applicable to the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People?s Republic of China and the Macao Special Administrative Region of the People?s Republic of China and shall, pursuant to the provisions of the Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People?s Republic of China and the Basic Law of the Macao Special Administrative Region of the People?s Republic of China , be implemented through the respective laws of the two special administrative regions.
  
  
  Alueellinen soveltaminen: Sovelletaan my?s Hongkongiin 1.7.1997 alkaen ja Macaoon 20.12.1999 alkaen.

• KIRGISIA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 07.10.1994 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 07.01.1995

• KOLUMBIA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 29.10.1969 R
  Voimaantulopäivä: 03.01.1976

• KONGO-BRAZZAVILLE

  Sitoutumispäivä: 05.10.1983 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 05.01.1984

• KONGO-KINSHASA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 01.11.1976 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 01.02.1977

• KREIKKA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 16.05.1985 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 16.08.1985

• KROATIA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 12.10.1992 VS
  Voimaantulopäivä: 08.10.1991

• KUWAIT

  Sitoutumispäivä: 21.05.1996 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 21.08.1996
  Varauma:

  Interpretative declaration regarding article 2, paragraph 2, and article 3:
  Although the Government of Kuwait endorses the worthy principles embodied in article 2, paragraph 2, and article 3 as consistent with the provisions of the Kuwait Constitution in general and of its article 29 in particular, it declares that the rights to which the articles refer must be exercised within the limits set by Kuwaiti law.
  Interpretative declaration regarding article 9:
  The Government of Kuwait declares that while Kuwaiti legislation safeguards the rights of all Kuwaiti and non-Kuwaiti workers, social security provisions apply only to Kuwaitis.
  Reservation concerning article 8, paragraph 1 (d):
  The Government of Kuwait reserves the right not to apply the provisions of article 8, paragraph 1 (d).
  
  
  20.5.2016, the Government of the State of Kuwait notified the Secretary-General of its decision to partially withdraw the reservation to article 25 (b) made upon its accession to the Covenant. The remaining reservation to article 25 (b) reads as follows:
  (Translation): The Government of the State of Kuwait declares that the provisions of article 25 (b) shall not apply to members of the armed forces or the police.

• KYPROS

  Sitoutumispäivä: 02.04.1969 R
  Voimaantulopäivä: 03.01.1976

• LAOS

  Sitoutumispäivä: 13.02.2007 R
  Voimaantulopäivä: 13.05.2007

• LATVIA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 14.04.1992 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 14.07.1992

• LESOTHO

  Sitoutumispäivä: 09.09.1992 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 09.12.1992

• LIBANON

  Sitoutumispäivä: 03.11.1972 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 03.01.1976

• LIBERIA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 22.09.2004 R
  Voimaantulopäivä: 22.12.2004

• LIBYA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 15.05.1970 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 03.01.1976
  Varauma:

  "The acceptance and the accession to this Covenant by the Libyan Arab Republic shall in no way signify a recognition of Israel or be conducive to entry by the Libyan Arab Republic into such dealings with Israel as are regulated by the Covenant."

• LIECHTENSTEIN

  Sitoutumispäivä: 10.12.1998 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 10.03.1999

• LIETTUA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 20.11.1991 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 20.02.1992

• LUXEMBURG

  Sitoutumispäivä: 18.08.1983 R
  Voimaantulopäivä: 18.11.1983

• MACAO

  Sitoutumispäivä: -
  Voimaantulopäivä: -

• MADAGASKAR

  Sitoutumispäivä: 22.09.1971 R
  Voimaantulopäivä: 03.01.1976

• MAKEDONIA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 18.01.1994 VS
  Voimaantulopäivä: 17.09.1991

• MALAWI

  Sitoutumispäivä: 22.12.1993 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 22.03.1994

• MALEDIIVIT

  Sitoutumispäivä: 19.09.2006 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 19.12.2006

• MALI

  Sitoutumispäivä: 16.07.1974 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 03.01.1976

• MALTA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 13.09.1990 R
  Voimaantulopäivä: 13.12.1990
  Varauma:

  "Article 13 - The Government of Malta declares that it is in favour of upholding the principle affirmed in the words" and to ensure the religious and moral education of their children in conformity with their own convictions". However, having regard to the fact that the population of Malta is overwhelmingly Roman Catholic, it is difficult also in view of limited financial and human resources, to provide such education in accordance with a particular religious or moral belief in cases of small groups, which cases are very exceptional in Malta."

• MAROKKO

  Sitoutumispäivä: 03.05.1979 R
  Voimaantulopäivä: 03.08.1979

• MARSHALLINSAARET

  Sitoutumispäivä: 12.03.2018 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 12.06.2018

• MAURITANIA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 17.11.2004 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 17.02.2005

• MAURITIUS

  Sitoutumispäivä: 12.12.1973 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 03.01.1976

• MEKSIKO

  Sitoutumispäivä: 23.03.1981 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 23.06.1981
  Varauma:

  Interpretative statement:
  The Government of Mexico accedes to the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights with the understanding that article 8 of the Covenant shall be applied in the Mexican Republic under the conditions and in conformity with the procedure established in the applicable provisions of the Political Constitution of the United Mexican States and the relevant implementing legislation.

• MOLDOVA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 26.01.1993 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 26.04.1993

• MONACO

  Sitoutumispäivä: 28.08.1997 R
  Voimaantulopäivä: 28.11.1997
  Varauma:

  Interpretative declarations and reservations made upon signature and confirmed upon ratification:
  The Princely Government declares that it interprets the principle of non-discrimination on the grounds of national origin, embodied in article 2, paragraph 2, as not necessarily implying an automatic obligation on the part of States to guarantee foreigners the same rights as their nationals.
  The Princely Government declares that articles 6, 9, 11 and 13 should not be constituting an impediment to provisions governing access to work by foreigners or fixing conditions of residence for the granting of certain social benefits.
  The Princely Government declares that it considers article 8, paragraph 1, subparagraphs (a), (b) and (c) on the exercise of trade union rights to be compatible with the appropriate legislative provisions regarding the formalities, conditions and procedures designed to ensure effective trade union representation and to promote harmonious labour relations.
  The Princely Government declares that in implementing the provisions of article 8 relating to the exercise of the right to strike, it will take into account the requirements, conditions, limitations and restrictions which are prescribed by law and which are necessary in a democratic society in order to guarantee the rights and freedoms of others or to protect public order (ordre public), national security, public health or morals.
  Article 8, paragraph 2, should be interpreted as applying to the members of the police force and agents of the State, the Commune and public enterprises.

• MONGOLIA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 18.11.1974 R
  Voimaantulopäivä: 03.01.1976
  Varauma:

  Declaration made upon signature and confirmed upon ratification:
  The Mongolian People?s Republic declares that the provisions of paragraph 1 of article 26 of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights and of paragraph 1 of article 48 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, under which a number of States cannot become parties to these Covenants, are of a discriminatory nature and considers that the Covenants, in accordance with the principle of sovereign equality of States, should be open for participation by all States concerned without any discrimination or limitation.

• MONTENEGRO

  Sitoutumispäivä: 23.10.2006 VS
  Voimaantulopäivä: 03.06.2006

• MYANMAR

  Sitoutumispäivä: 06.10.2017 R
  Voimaantulopäivä: -
  Varauma:

  Declaration:
  ???With reference to article 1 of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, the Government of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar declares that, in consistence with the Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action of 1993, the term ???the right of self-determination??? appearing in this article does not apply to any section of people within a sovereign independent state and cannot be construed as authorizing or encouraging any action which would dismember or impair, totally or in part, the territorial integrity or political unity of a sovereign and independent state. In addition, the term shall not be applied to undermine Section 10 of the Constitution of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar, 2008.???

• NAMIBIA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 28.11.1994 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 28.02.1995

• NEPAL

  Sitoutumispäivä: 14.05.1991 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 14.08.1991

• NICARAGUA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 12.03.1980 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 12.06.1980

• NIGER

  Sitoutumispäivä: 07.03.1986 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 07.06.1986

• NIGERIA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 29.07.1993 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 29.10.1993

• NORJA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 13.09.1972 R
  Voimaantulopäivä: 03.01.1976
  Varauma:

  Subject to reservations to article 8, paragraph 1 (d) "to the effect that the current Norwegian practice of referring labour conflicts to the State Wages Board (a permanent tripartite arbitral commission in matters of wages) by Act of Parliament for the particular conflict, shall not be considered incompatible with the right to strike, this right being fully recognised in Norway."

• NORSUNLUURANNIKKO

  Sitoutumispäivä: 26.03.1992 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 26.06.1992

• PAKISTAN

  Sitoutumispäivä: 17.04.2008 R
  Voimaantulopäivä: 17.07.2008
  Varauma:

  Reservation
  
  Pakistan, with a view to achieving progressively the full realization of the rights recognized in the present Covenant, shall use all appropriate means to the maximum of its available resources.

• PALESTIINALAISALUEET

  Sitoutumispäivä: 02.04.2014 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 02.07.2014

• PANAMA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 08.03.1977 R
  Voimaantulopäivä: 08.06.1977

• PAPUA-UUSI-GUINEA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 21.07.2008 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 21.10.2008

• PARAGUAY

  Sitoutumispäivä: 10.06.1992 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 10.09.1992

• PERU

  Sitoutumispäivä: 28.04.1978 R
  Voimaantulopäivä: 28.07.1978

• POHJOIS-KOREA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 14.09.1981 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 14.12.1981

• PORTUGALI

  Sitoutumispäivä: 31.07.1978 R
  Voimaantulopäivä: 31.10.1978

• PUOLA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 18.03.1977 R
  Voimaantulopäivä: 18.06.1977

• PÄIVÄNTASAAJAN GUINEA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 25.09.1987 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 25.12.1987

• QATAR

  Sitoutumispäivä: 21.05.2018 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 21.08.2018
  Varauma:

  The State of Qatar does not consider itself bound by the provisions of Article 3 of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, for they contravene the Islamic Sharia with regard to questions of inheritance and birth.

• RANSKA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 04.11.1980 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 04.02.1981
  Varauma:

  Declarations:
  (1) The Government of the Republic considers that, in accordance with Article 103 of the Charter of the United Nations, in case of conflict between its obligations under the Covenant and its obligations under the Charter (especially Articles 1 and 2 thereof), its obligations under the Charter will prevail.
  (2) The Government of the Republic declares that articles 6, 9, 11 and 13 are not to be interpreted as derogating from provisions governing the access of aliens to employment or as establishing residence requirements for the allocation of certain social benefits.
  (3) The Government of the Republic declares that it will implement the provisions of article 8 in respect of the right to strike in conformity with article 6, paragraph 4, of the European Social Charter according to the interpretation thereof given in the annex to that Charter.

• ROMANIA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 09.12.1974 R
  Voimaantulopäivä: 03.01.1976
  Varauma:

  Upon signature:
  The Government of the Socialist Republic of Romania declares that the provisions of article 26, paragraph 1, of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights are at variance with the principle that all States have the right to become parties to multilateral treaties governing matters of general interest.
  Upon ratification:
  (a) The State Council of the Socialist Republic of Romania considers that the provisions of article 26 (1) of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights are inconsistent with the principle that multilateral international treaties whose purposes concern the international community as a whole must be open to universal participation.
  (b) The State Council of the Socialist Republic of Romania considers that the maintenance in a state of dependence of certain territories referred to in articles 1 (3) and 14 of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights is inconsistent with the Charter of the United Nations and the instruments adopted by the Organization on the granting of independence to colonial countries and peoples, including the Declaration on Principles of International Law concerning Friendly Relations and Cooperation among States in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations, adopted unanimously by the United Nations General Assembly in its resolution 2625 (XXV) of 1970, which solemnly proclaims the duty of States to promote the realization of the principle of equal rights and self-determination of peoples in order to bring a speedy end to colonialism.

• RUANDA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 16.04.1975 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 03.01.1976

• RUOTSI

  Sitoutumispäivä: 06.12.1971 R
  Voimaantulopäivä: 03.01.1976
  Varauma:

  Sweden enters a reservation in connexion with article 7 (d) of the Covenant in the matter of the right to remuneration for public holidays.

• SAINT VINCENT JA GRENADIINIT

  Sitoutumispäivä: 09.11.1981 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 09.02.1982

• SAKSA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 17.12.1973 R
  Voimaantulopäivä: 03.01.1976

• SALOMONSAARET

  Sitoutumispäivä: 17.03.1982 VS
  Voimaantulopäivä: 17.03.1982

• SAMBIA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 10.04.1984 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 10.07.1984
  Varauma:

  Reservation:
  The Government of the Republic of Zambia states that it reserves the right to postpone the application of article 13 (2) (a) of the Covenant, in so far as it relates to primary education; since, while the Government of the Republic of Zambia fully accepts the principles embodied in the same article and undertakes to take the necessary steps to apply them in their entirety, the problems of implementation, and particularly the financial implications, are such that full application of the principles in question cannot be guaranteed at this stage.

• SAN MARINO

  Sitoutumispäivä: 18.10.1985 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 18.01.1986

• SENEGAL

  Sitoutumispäivä: 13.02.1978 R
  Voimaantulopäivä: 13.05.1978

• SERBIA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 12.03.2001 VS
  Voimaantulopäivä: -

• SEYCHELLIT

  Sitoutumispäivä: 05.05.1992 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 05.08.1992

• SIERRA LEONE

  Sitoutumispäivä: 23.08.1996 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 23.11.1996

• SLOVAKIA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 28.05.1993 VS
  Voimaantulopäivä: 01.01.1993
  Varauma:

  The provision of article 26, paragraph 1, of the Covenant is in contradiction with the principle that all States have the right to become parties to multilateral treaties regulating matters of general interest.

• SLOVENIA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 06.07.1992 VS
  Voimaantulopäivä: 25.06.1992

• SOMALIA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 24.01.1990 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 24.04.1990

• SRI LANKA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 11.06.1980 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 11.09.1980

• SUDAN

  Sitoutumispäivä: 18.03.1986 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 18.06.1986

• SURINAM

  Sitoutumispäivä: 28.12.1976 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 28.03.1977

• SVEITSI

  Sitoutumispäivä: 18.06.1992 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 18.09.1992

• SWAZIMAA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 26.03.2004 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 26.06.2004

• SYYRIA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 21.04.1969 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 03.01.1976
  Varauma:

  1. The accession of the Syrian Arab Republic to these two Covenants shall in no way signify recognition of Israel or entry into a relationship with it regarding any matter regulated by the said two Covenants.
  2. The Syrian Arab Republic considers that paragraph 1 of article 26 of the Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights and paragraph 1 of article 48 of the Covenant on Civil and Political Rights are incompatible with the purposes and objectives of the said Covenants, inasmuch as they do not allow all States, without distinction or discrimination, the opportunity to become parties to the said Covenants.

• TADZHIKISTAN

  Sitoutumispäivä: 04.01.1999 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 04.04.1999

• TANSANIA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 11.06.1976 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 11.09.1976

• TANSKA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 06.01.1972 R
  Voimaantulopäivä: 03.01.1976
  Varauma:

  "The Government of Denmark cannot, for the time being, undertake to comply entirely with the provisions of article 7 (d) on remuneration for public holidays."

• THAIMAA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 05.09.1999 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 05.12.1999
  Varauma:

  Interpretative declaration:
  "The Government of the Kingdom of Thailand declares that the term "self-determination"as appears in Article 1 Paragraph 1 of the Covenant shall be interpreted as being compatible with that expressed in the Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action, adopted by the World Conference on Human Rights on 25 June 1993."

• TOGO

  Sitoutumispäivä: 24.05.1984 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 24.08.1984

• TRINIDAD JA TOBAGO

  Sitoutumispäivä: 08.12.1978 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 08.03.1979
  Varauma:

  In respect of article 8 (1) (d) and 8 (2):
  "The Government of Trinidad and Tobago reserves the right to impose lawful and or reasonable restrictions on the exercise of the aforementioned rights by personnel engaged in essential services under the Industrial Relations Act or under any Statute replacing same which has been passed in accordance with the provisions of the Trinidad and Tobago Constitution.

• TSHAD

  Sitoutumispäivä: 09.06.1995 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 09.09.1995

• TSHEKKI

  Sitoutumispäivä: 22.02.1993 VS
  Voimaantulopäivä: 01.01.1993
  Varauma:

  The provision of article 26, paragraph 1, of the Covenant is in contradiction with the principle that all States have the right to become parties to multilateral treaties regulating matters of general interest.

• TUNISIA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 18.03.1969 R
  Voimaantulopäivä: 03.01.1976

• TURKKI

  Sitoutumispäivä: 23.09.2003 R
  Voimaantulopäivä: 23.12.2003
  Varauma:

  The Republic of Turkey declares that it will implement its obligations under the Covenant in accordance to the obligations under the Charter of the United Nations (especially Article 1 and 2 thereof).
  
  The Republic of Turkey declares that it will implement the provisions of this Covenant only to the States with which it has diplomatic relations.
  
  The Republic of Turkey declares that this Convention is ratified exclusively with regard to the national territory where the Constitution and the legal and administrative order of the Republic of Turkey are applied.
  
  The Republic of Turkey reserves the right to interpret and apply the provisions of the paragraph (3) and (4) of the Article 13 of the Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights in accordance to the provisions under the Article 3, 14 and 42 of the Constitution of the Republic of Turkey.

• TURKMENISTAN

  Sitoutumispäivä: 01.05.1997 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 01.08.1997

• UGANDA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 21.01.1987 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 21.04.1987

• UKRAINA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 12.11.1973 R
  Voimaantulopäivä: 03.01.1976
  Varauma:

  Declaration made upon signature and confirmed upon ratification:
  The Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic declares that the provisions of paragraph 1 of article 26 of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights and of paragraph 1 of article 48 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, under which a number of States cannot become parties to these Covenants, are of a discriminatory nature and considers that the Covenants, in accordance with the principle of sovereign equality of States, should be open for participation by all States concerned without any discrimination or limitation.

• UNKARI

  Sitoutumispäivä: 17.01.1974 R
  Voimaantulopäivä: 03.01.1976
  Varauma:

  Upon signature:
  "The Government of the Hungarian People?s Republic declares that paragraph 1 of article 26 of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights and paragraph 1 of article 48 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights according to which certain States may not become signatories to the said Covenants are of a discriminatory nature and are contrary to the basic principle of international law that all States are entitled to become signatories to general multilateral treaties. These discriminatory provisions are incompatible with the objectives and purposes of the Covenants."
  Upon ratification:
  "The Presidential Council of the Hungarian People?s Republic declares that the provisions of article 48, paragraphs 1 and 3, of [...] the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, and article 26, paragraphs 1 and 3, of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights are inconsistent with the universal character of the Covenants. It follows from the principle of sovereign equality of States that the Covenants should be open for participation by all States without any discrimination or limitation."

• URUGUAY

  Sitoutumispäivä: 01.04.1970 R
  Voimaantulopäivä: 03.01.1976

• UUSI-SEELANTI

  Sitoutumispäivä: 28.12.1978 R
  Voimaantulopäivä: 28.03.1979
  Varauma:

  "The Government of New Zealand reserves the right not [to] apply article 8 to the extent that existing legislative measures, enacted to ensure effective trade union representation and encourage orderly industrial relations, may not be fully compatible with that article.
  
  Tokelaun osalta:
  "The Government of New Zealand reserves the right to postpone, in the economic circumstances foreseeable at the present time, the implementation of article 10 (2) as it relates to paid maternity leave or leave with adequate social security benefits."

• UZBEKISTAN

  Sitoutumispäivä: 28.09.1995 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 28.12.1995

• VALKO-VENÄJÄ

  Sitoutumispäivä: 12.11.1973 R
  Voimaantulopäivä: 03.01.1976

• VENEZUELA

  Sitoutumispäivä: 10.05.1978 R
  Voimaantulopäivä: 10.08.1978

• VENÄJÄ

  Sitoutumispäivä: 16.10.1973 R
  Voimaantulopäivä: 03.01.1976
  Varauma:

  Declaration made upon signature and confirmed upon ratification:
  The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics declares that the provisions of paragraph 1 of article 26 of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights and of paragraph 1 of article 48 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, under which a number of States cannot become parties to these Covenants, are of a discriminatory nature and considers that the Covenants, in accordance with the principle of sovereign equality of States, should be open for participation by all States concerned without any discrimination or limitation.

• VIETNAM

  Sitoutumispäivä: 24.09.1982 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 24.12.1982
  Varauma:

  Declaration:
  That the provisions of article 48, paragraph 1, of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, and article 26, paragraph 1, of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, under which a number of States are deprived of the opportunity to become parties to the Covenants, are of a discriminatory nature. The Government of the Socialist Republic of Viet Nam considers that the Covenants, in accordance with the principle of sovereign equality of States, should be open for participation by all States without any discrimination or limitation.

• VIRO

  Sitoutumispäivä: 21.10.1991 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 21.01.1992

• ZIMBABWE

  Sitoutumispäivä: 13.05.1991 L
  Voimaantulopäivä: 13.08.1991